摘 要

随着我国城市化进程的加快，地铁建设进入了快速发展期。地铁施工具有风险因素多、施工技术复杂、施工环境复杂等特点，是一项高风险的复杂系统工程。视频监控系统作为一种有效的风险监控手段，能及时发现风险因素，被广泛的应用于地铁车站施工现场的安全监管中。目前，地铁车站施工存在风险因素识别不全和施工现场监控覆盖不足的问题，导致视频监视系统难以全面的监控动态的风险因素。因此，本文以采用内支撑体系的明挖法地铁车站施工现场为研究范围，研究了面向风险因素动态识别的视频监控点布置问题。

首先，利用专家经验和文献查阅的方法，分别构建了明挖法地铁车站工作分解结构（WBS）和风险分解结构（RBS），通过WBS和RBS的耦合，建立了基于WBS的RBS风险体系。然后，利用集合覆盖理论的思想和方法，基于视频监控点对受基坑侧壁和支撑结构遮挡的施工现场的可视性分析，建立了满足施工现场空间区域全覆盖的视频监控点布置模型；最后，利用遗传算法，通过对遗传变异中产生的不可行解处理方法的启发式改进，对布置模型进行了分析求解。

以某地铁车站底板、中板、顶板施工阶段视频监控点布置方案求解为例，进行了模型的验证分析。结果表明，本文提出的布置模型，针对不同的施工阶段施工层，都能够提供满足施工现场全覆盖的监控点布置方案。本研究提出了满足动态风险监控的视频监控点布置优化方案，对明挖法地铁车站工程视频监控管理有着重要的理论意义和实践意义。

关键词：地铁车站风险识别WBS-RBS视频监控点布置优化 遗传算法

Abstract

With the rapid development of China's urban construction, subway construction is developing rapidly. The subway construction is a complex system engineering，which has the characteristics of many risk factors，complex construction technology and complex construction environment.As an effective means of risk monitoring, video monitoring system can be used to find the risk factors in time, which is widely used in the safety supervision of the subway station construction site. At present, there are some problems in the construction of subway station, such as the incomplete identification of risk factors and the insufficient coverage monitoring of construction site, which makes it difficult for the video surveillance system to fully monitor the dynamic risk factors. Therefore, the thesis takes open-cut method of subway station construction site with internal support systemas the research scope, and studies the problem of video monitoring point placement for dynamic identification of risk factors.

Firstly, this thesis constructs the work breakdown structure (WBS) and the risk breakdown structure (RBS) of open-cut method of subway station construction by means of expert experience and literature search. The RBS risk system is established based on WBSbythe coupling of the WBS and the RBS.Then, the video monitoring point placement model that satisfies the full coverage of the construction site space area is established by the idea and method of the set covering theory, which isbased onthe visibility analysis of the construction site in the case where the video monitoring point is blocked by the foundation pit and the support structure.Finally, the genetic algorithm is used to solve the placement model by heuristic improvement of infeasible solution processing method in genetic variation.

The thesis takes placement scheme solution of floor construction stage, medium plate construction stage and roof construction stage as examples, verifies and analyzes the placement model.The results show that the placement model proposed in this thesiscan provide a monitoring point placement scheme to meet the full coverage of the constructionsite for different construction stages. In this study, the optimization scheme of monitoring point placement is proposed, which has important theoretical significance and practical significance for the monitoring and management of the subway station project.

Keywords: Subway Station; Risk Identification; WBS-RBS;Video Monitoring Points;Placement Optimization；Genetic Algorithm