摘要

我国针对模板支撑架出台了详细的安全技术规范和管理办法，但是模板支撑架工程事故依然很多，并且一般都会造成比较严重的人员伤亡。本文采集模板支撑架工程的现场数据并进行数据挖掘，通过施工现场的实际情况找到实际施工中的关键质量控制点，为模板支撑架工程的质量管理提供具体方向，进而减少施工中模板支撑架质量事故的发生，避免人员伤亡的出现。另外，本文基于施工现场数据的质量研究提供了一种新的建筑工程质量研究思路。

本文先对模板支撑架工程的相关规范和施工技术进行整理，得到施工现场数据的采集内容和支撑架工程相关元素的“标准值”。通过调研22个项目，收集实际施工现场数据得到“实际值”。然后将“实际值”的数据进行预处理和标准化，按照平均值排序得到“实际值”与“标准值”相差较大的元素，再利用聚类分析将元素分到相似的群集，选择合适的群集数。综合平均值排序和聚类分析的结果，得到模板支撑架工程施工中的关键质量控制点，其中重点关注的包括：扣件端头、扣件螺栓、连墙件、水平杆连接/搭接、立杆底座/垫板、立杆间距、立杆步距、水平剪刀撑、立杆高低差处理措施、竖向剪刀撑；次要关注的包括：扫天杆、钢管质量、可调托撑螺杆。这些内容就是模板支撑架工程在实际施工中需要重点管理的关键质量控制点。

通过分析34起典型模板支撑架的事故原因，得到基于事故的支撑架工程关键质量控制点，将其与基于施工现场数据得到的关键质量控制点进行比对，分析两者的异同，有效验证了本文结论，证明本文的研究思路、研究方法切实可行。

关键词：关键质量控制点；现场数据；模板支撑架；实证分析

Abstract

Lots of technical code and management measures has been implemented for safety of steel tubular scaffold with couplers, but formwork support frame accident still happens and Causes a large number of casualties and property losses. In this paper, through the investigation of the field data of the formwork support, we find the weak points in the actual construction to provide specific direction for the quality management of the formwork support frame and reduce the occurrence of the quality and safety accidents. In addition, this paper provides a new engineering quality research method which is based on the construction field data.

In this paper, the relevant specifications and construction technology of formwork support engineering are sorted out, and the construction site data which is need to collected and the “standard value” of the related elements of the support frame engineering are obtained. Through the investigation of 22 projects, we collected the actual construction site data to get the “actual value". Then, the data of "real value" are pre-processed and standardized, and the element whose “actual value” is so different from the “standard value” is obtained according to the average value. Then cluster analysis is used to divide the elements into similar clusters and the appropriate number of clusters is chosen. Through the comprehensive analysis of average value ranking and clustering results, we get criticalquality control point of formwork support as follows: coupler head, coupler torque, tie member, the horizontal tube connection, base plate of upright tube, upright tube spacing, lift height, horizontal diagonal bracing, treatment of height difference; secondary concern: sweep the gap, pipe quality and adjustable forkhead. These are the critical quality control points in the actual construction of the formwork support frame.

By analysing the causes the of the 34 supporting frames accidents , the weak point of the supporting frame is obtained. Then we compare the obtained weak point with the actual weak points based on the construction site data, the similarities and differences between the two are analyzed, and the conclusion is verified.

Keywords:critical quality control point; field data; formwork support; empirical analysis