数字建造的兴起与内涵

卜 梦 甜

摘要

新一轮科技革命推动产业变革的大背景下，众多行业已经提出了自己的变革道路，例如制造行业的“智能制造”战略。传统工程建造行业碎片化、粗放型的生产方式如何升级为集成化、精细型的生产方式已经引发了行业的思索，而数字化的不断发展则给工程建造行业指明了方向，即将数字技术体系与工程建造进行有机集成。本文在国内外研究现状以及建筑行业面临问题的基础上，分析数字建造的概念，系统解析其内涵。

本文首先阐述了目前工程建造行业存在的资源利用率低下、生态环境恶化以及工程建造产品综合性能不佳等问题，进而探索了出现这些问题背后的原因—工程建造行业的“碎片化”。最后研究出现工程建造行业“碎片化”现象是由其专业分工、组织分离、目标分散和全寿命周期割裂造成的，进而指出了工程建造行业未来的进化方向。

数字建造是数字技术体系与工程建造的有机集成，是在当前背景下工程建造行业寻求发展的一种模式。论文在广泛收集整理相关文献的基础上，从功能创新、技术创新以及全寿命周期创新三个维度对比分析了当前工程建造领域具有代表性的数字建造创新概念，并且对比分析了目前比较典型的其他工程概念，进而提出了数字建造的核心概念。

最后本文从系统论的角度出发，具体阐述了数字建造系统中主体要素、客体要素以及技术要素的特征，进而阐述这些要素在系统中运作时的连接方式以及整个数字建造系统的目标。

关键词：数字技术；数字建造；碎片化；概念解析；系统论

Abstract

Under the background of the new round of technological revolution, great changes have taken place in many fields, such as the "intelligent manufacturing" strategy of the manufacturing industry. How to improve the fragmented and extensive productive method of the traditional construction industry to an integrated and fine one is a significant problem to be considered. And the continuous development of digitalization has indicated a clear direction for the construction industry, i.e. the integration of digital technology system and engineering construction. Based on the current research at home and abroad and the problems faced by the construction industry, this thesis analyzes the concept of digital construction and analyzes its meaning systematically.

Firstly, this thesis explains the many challenges faced by the construction industry, such as low utilization of resources, deterioration of the ecological environment and poor comprehensive performance of engineering construction products. And then this thesis analyzes the root of the problem-"fragmentation" and explains the phenomenon of "fragmentation" which is caused by its specialized division of labor, separation of organization, decentralization of target and full life cycle. Finally, this thesis points out the evolutionary direction of the construction industry.

Digital construction is an organic integration of digital technology system and engineering construction, which is a current mode of development in the construction industry. Based on the collection and analysis of relevant literatures, this thesis compares and analyzes the functionality, technology and the whole life cycle of the current representative concept of digital construction in construction engineering and other representative concept in onstruction engineering. Then the core concept of digital construction is put forward.

Finally, from the perspective of system theory, this thesis mainly explains the main, objective and technological characteristics of the digital construction system. And it then explains the connection mode of these characteristics in the system operation and the target of the whole digital construction system.

Keywords: Digital technique; Digital construction; Fragmentation; Conceptualization; System theory