海绵小区建设激励机制研究

郭慧琳

摘 要

近年来，我国城镇化发展迅速，但城市建设方式过于粗犷，导致城市内涝等问题，严重影响了城市生态安全。其中，原有的粗犷式小区建设方式破坏了小区原有的生态“弹性”，当应对暴雨灾害时，小区的生态环境十分脆弱，易遭到破坏。海绵小区建设对改善小区居民生活具有较大意义，科学合理的海绵小区激励机制能推动更优质更舒适的海绵小区建设。

本文首先介绍了海绵城市建设现状，分析提出了海绵城市建设存在的问题。并针对海绵城市激励政策不足和开发商建设积极性不高的问题，提出地方政府应制定海绵小区建设激励机制。然后，根据以上分析，结合地方政府和开发商的效用函数构建了海绵小区建设激励机制的演化博弈模型，得出博弈模型的三个稳定均衡点，并解释了各稳定均衡点的含义。最后，本文结合武汉市海绵小区建设情况，以武汉市为例进行研究，利用MATLAB仿真模拟得出了武汉市对高品质海绵小区的补贴强度，并提出了我国海绵小区建设的对策建议。

研究得出，地方政府根据高品质海绵小区建设带来的额外效益给予开发商合理强度的补贴，完善海绵小区建设的激励机制。同时，地方政府应加强对海绵设施产业化规模化发展的支持和对海绵设施可替代品的研究，达到既能降低开发商建设成本又能减轻政府财政补贴压力的目的。此外，政策补贴不宜作为长期的激励政策，地方政府还应构建补贴退出机制，通过严格规划和惩罚机制保证海绵小区建设长效发展。

关键词：城市  海绵小区  激励机制  演化博弈  效用函数

Abstract

In recent years, urbanization of China has developed rapidly, but infrastructure construction has not kept pace with the development of urbanization, leading to many problems, such as urban insults, and seriously affecting urban ecological security. In recent years, the urbanization of China has developed rapidly. But the urban construction method is too rough, leading to problems such as urban shackles and seriously affecting urban ecological security. The original rough-type community construction method has destroyed the original ecological “elasticity” of the community. When dealing with heavy rain disasters, the ecological environment of the community is very fragile and vulnerable to damage. The construction of sponge community is of great significance to improve the living of residents in the community. The scientific and rational sponge community incentive mechanism can promote the construction of a better and more comfortable sponge community.

Firstly, the current situation of the construction of the sponge city is introduced, and the problems in the construction of sponge city are analyzed. In view of the lack of incentive policies for sponge cities and the low enthusiasm of developers, it is proposed that local governments should formulate incentive mechanisms for the construction of sponge communities. Then, based on the above analysis, combined with the utility function of local government and developers, the evolutionary game model of the sponge community construction incentive mechanism is constructed. According to the model, the three stable equilibrium points of the game model are obtained, and the meaning of each stable equilibrium point is explained. Finally, combined with the construction of the sponge community in Wuhan, Wuhan City is taken as an example to study. The MATLAB simulation is used to obtain the subsidy intensity of Wuhan high-quality sponge community, and the countermeasures for the construction of sponge community in China are put forward.

According to the thesis, the local government should give the developer a reasonable intensity subsidy based on the additional benefits brought by the construction of high-quality sponge community, to improve the incentive mechanism for the construction of the sponge community. At the same time, local governments should strengthen their support for the large-scale development of sponge facilities and the research on alternatives to sponge facilities, so as to reduce the cost of developers and reduce the pressure on government subsidies. In addition, policy subsidies should not be used as long-term incentive policies. Local governments should also establish subsidy withdrawal mechanism to ensure long-term development of sponge community construction through strict planning and punishment mechanisms.

Keywords：City   Sponge Community   Incentive Mechanism   Evolutionary Games  

Utility Function