地铁隧道施工环境对工人的

安全注意力影响研究

王雅雯

摘 要

近年来，为改善交通拥堵的情况，各城市开始加大城市轨道交通的建设，而由于地铁工程的建设具有其特殊性，其一旦发生事故，无论是人员伤害或者产生财产损失，后果都是及其严重的。而根据事故致因理论，人因是安全事故产生的主要原因。由于地铁隧道施工工人的工作环境与正常环境差别较大，目前研究指出环境的各类因素会影响工人的安全注意力，且安全注意力的下降是造成人因失误的主要原因之一。因而，探求地铁隧道施工环境对工人的安全注意力的影响是十分有意义的。

首先，本文分析了地铁隧道施工环境存在的主要影响指标，包括噪音、温度、湿度、照明度等，再针对安全注意力的相关影响因素确定中介效应的实验指标，并提出了地铁隧道施工环境对工人安全注意力影响的假设，为后续实验提供方向。然后，制定了实验方案，并进行了两次预实验，提出了保证实验可靠性的注意点。接着，在安静环境和地铁隧道施工环境下对工人进行对比实验和问卷调查，同时对某些数据进行了量化处理。再后，利用SPSS对实验数据进行信度分析，差异性分析和相关性分析，中介效应检验和多重响应的频率分析，发现①地铁隧道施工环境会使得工人的安全注意力降低；②主观疲劳度对地铁隧道施工环境与工人的安全注意力起中介效应的作用，地铁隧道施工环境会增强工人的主观疲劳度，进而降低工人的安全注意力；③工人与管理人员在安静环境下的安全注意力有明显差异，管理人员的安全注意力水平高于工人，主要原因可能是学历或地铁隧道施工环境的长效影响；④地铁隧道施工环境的主要影响因素为噪音与湿度，主要影响的是工人的注意力与情绪。最后根据分析结果和调查问卷，提出了基于工人保护的提高安全注意力的建议与措施。

本文从工人的作业环境来探究对工人安全注意力的影响，进行现场实验。所采用的实验方法和实验注意要点，可以为今后的安全注意力实验或地铁隧道施工环境实验提供借鉴。但由于样本有限，存在着一定的抽样误差。

关键词： 地铁隧道施工环境  安全注意力 实验研究 环境影响

Abstract

In recent years, in order to improve traffic congestion, cities have began to increase the construction of urban rail transit. Because of the special nature of the construction of subway projects, in the event of an accident, whether it is personnel injury or property damage, the consequences are serious. According to the theory of accident cause, human factors are the main cause of safety accidents. Due to the large difference between the working environment of subway tunnel construction workers and the normal environment, the current research indicates that various factors of the environment will affect the safety of workers, and the decline of safety attention is one of the main causes of human error. Therefore, it is very meaningful to explore the impact of the subway tunnel construction environment on workers' safety attention.

Firstly, this paper analyzes the main influencing indicators of subway tunnel construction environment, including noise, temperature, humidity, illumination, etc., and then determines the experimental indicators of mediation effect for the relevant influencing factors of safety attention, and puts forward the construction environment of subway tunnel. The assumption of the impact on workers' safety attention provides direction for subsequent experiments. Then, the experimental plan was developed, and two pre-experiments were carried out, and the points of attention for ensuring the reliability of the experiment were put forward. Then, in the quiet environment and subway tunnel construction environment, the workers were compared and surveyed, and some data were quantified. Then, using SPSS to analyze the reliability of the experimental data, difference analysis and correlation analysis, mediation effect test and frequency analysis of multiple responses, found that ① subway tunnel construction environment will reduce workers' safety attention; ② subjective fatigue Degree plays a mediating role in the subway tunnel construction environment and workers' safety attention. The subway tunnel construction environment will enhance the subjective fatigue of workers and reduce the safety of workers; ③There are obvious differences the safety attention of workers and managers in a quiet environment . The safety attention level of managers is higher than that of workers. The main reason may be the long-term effects of education or subway tunnel construction environment. ④The main influencing factors of subway tunnel construction environment are noise and humidity. Which affects workers' is workers' attention and emotions. Finally, according to the analysis results and questionnaires, suggestions and measures for improving safety attention based on worker protection are proposed.

This article explores the impact on workers' safety from the working environment of workers and conducts on-site experiments. The experimental methods and experimental attention points can be used as reference for future safety attention experiments or subway tunnel construction environment experiments. However, due to the limited sample, there is a certain sampling error.

Keywords: Subway tunnel construction environment      Safety attention  

                    Experimental research         Environmental impact