基于Cadna/A的施工噪声影响分析

李若楠

摘要

建筑业是我国的国民经济支柱性产业，建筑业的发展离不开工人队伍的建设，而工人队伍的建设管理是以工人具有健康的身体为前提条件的。但从工程实践中发现，工人的健康问题突出且很容易被忽视。影响工人健康的因素有噪声、有害化学物质、粉尘等，其中噪声对工人健康影响最大，有63.41%的工人认为噪声对其自身健康带来较严重的危害。近年来，研究学者主要集中研究噪声给周边居民及环境带来的影响，往往忽视施工场界内的工人是施工噪声最直接的受害者。本文采用噪声地图技术分析施工噪声对施工现场工人带来的影响，以减少施工作业人员受噪声带来的烦恼度为出发点寻求噪声管理解决办法，改善工人的工作环境，提高工人的声环境体验，保障工人的职业健康。

文章首先通过大量的文献研究，分析指出将噪声地图技术运用到建筑施工过程中，利用Cadna/A软件绘制动态噪声地图，展示施工现场噪声污染状况。其次根据噪声主观评价指标噪声烦恼度来衡量噪声带来的影响程度，并结合烦恼度相关实验，选取60.5 dB(A)为本文的噪声烦恼度阈限值。然后分析烦恼度与噪声暴露时长的相关性发现噪声的持久时间对烦恼度有显著影响。最后对噪声影响分析模型进行仿真模拟，进行施工机械噪声预测并得出一系列噪声数据，对比移动机械在2条不同路线下完成施工任务所产生噪声的情况并分析评价指标的大小，发现施工机械沿着路线2作业时在工作区域产生的噪声时长比沿着路线1作业总时长降低4.65%，超限噪声总时长降低8.65%。

研究结果表明噪声源在采用路线2进行作业时所产生的噪声对工人的烦恼度影响相对较小。这意味着职业健康管理人员可以通过选择适当的移动噪声源作业位置来减少部分工人的噪声烦恼时长。该结果将为噪声管理决策者提供一定的依据，以确保制定更好的噪声管理计划，减少施工工人的噪声暴露。

关键词：施工噪声影响；Cadna/A；噪声烦恼度；噪声暴露；工人职业健康

Abstract

The construction industry is a pillar industry of our country's national economy. The development of the construction industry is inseparable from the construction of the workforce, and the construction and management of the workforce is based on the premise that the workers have a healthy body. However, it is found from engineering practice that workers' health problems are prominent and can be easily overlooked. Factors affecting workers' health include noise, harmful chemicals, dust, etc. Among them, noise has the greatest impact on workers' health, and 63.41% of workers believe that noise brings serious harm to their own health. In recent years, research scholars have mainly focused on the impact of noise on the surrounding residents and the environment, they often ignoring that workers in the construction site are the most direct victims of construction noise. This paper uses noise map technology to analyze the impact of construction noise on workers on the construction site, and seeks noise management solutions from the perspective of reducing the annoyance caused by noise to construction workers. The purpose is to improve the working environment of workers and improve workers’ Sound environment experience to protect workers' occupational health.

Firstly, through A large number of literature studies, this paper analyzes the application of noise map technology in the construction process, and uses Cadna/A software to draw dynamic noise map to show the noise pollution status of the construction site. Secondly, the influence degree of noise is measured according to the noise annoyance degree of the subjective evaluation index of noise, and 60.5dB (A) is selected as the threshold limit of noise annoyance degree in this paper in combination with the relevant experiments of noise annoyance degree. Then the correlation between annoyance and noise exposure time is analyzed and it is found that the duration of noise has a significant influence on annoyance. Finally simulation of noise impact analysis model, construction machinery noise prediction and draw a series of noise data, contrast of mobile machinery under two different route to complete the construction task of noise generated by the situation and analyze the evaluation index, the size of the construction machinery found along the route of noise in the working area when working 2 hours total duration was 4.65% lower than along the route 1 homework, excessive noise total duration by 8.65%.

The results show that the noise generated by route 2 has a relatively small effect on the degree of annoyance of workers. This means that occupational health managers can reduce the noise annoyance duration of some workers by choosing the appropriate working location of the moving noise source. The results will provide a basis for noise management decision makers to make better noise management plans and reduce the noise exposure of construction workers.

Key words: Influence of construction noise; Cadna/A; Noise annoyance; Noise exposure;Occupational health of workers