地铁深基坑施工有害能量隔离研究

郑坤林

摘 要

利用能量理论分析事故原因并管理安全工作是一个很有意义的研究方向，目前多应用于化工等重大能源领域的安全管理工作。近来基于能量隔离理论的管控方法在地铁垂直运输等作业中已经展开了应用研究，但针对深基坑作业的相关研究还不多。为了预防和减少地铁深基坑事故，本文从能量隔离的角度阐明事故发生的原因，提出了有害能量隔离方法来预防和减少地铁深基坑安全事故，具体工作如下。

首先指出传统深基坑施工安全管理方法存在的问题，总结常见工人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态清单，以期提出更好的安全管理方法。然后从能量角度阐明事故中人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态与有害能量的关系，在对有害能量分析基础上由人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态清单完成有害能量清单。再基于有害能量清单提出有害能量“数据采集-能量识别-安全预警-能量隔离”的隔离方法：通过现场巡视和利用信息监测技术共同采集现场有害能量数据；巡视人员通过肉眼查看和利用信息技术分析识别出有害能量；通过有害能量隔离系统对部分有害能量自动报警和上传内业两种方式进行平台预警；由现场工人自己改正以及现场施工和监理协助采取措施隔离有害能量。最后将该有害能量隔离方法应用于某地铁站深基坑施工项目中，结果显示能有效识别出并隔离现场存在的有害能量，能够保证地铁深基坑施工过程的安全进行。

通过上述研究，本文提出的有害能量“数据采集-能量识别-安全预警-能量隔离”隔离方法能有效隔离地铁深基坑施工现场存在的有害能量，减少施工中工人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态并预防安全事故的发生。本文所提方法不仅为其他类似研究提供了很好的借鉴思路，也为其他地铁深基坑施工的现场生产工作提供了新的安全管控方法。

关键词：地铁深基坑；安全；能量隔离；有害能量；平台预警

Abstract

Using energy theory to analyze the causes of accidents and manage safety is a very meaningful research direction. Currently, it is mostly used in safety management in major energy fields such as chemical industry. Recently, the management and control method based on the energy isolation theory has been applied in the operation of subway vertical transportation and other operations, but there is not much research on deep foundation pit operations. In order to prevent and reduce accidents in subway deep foundation pits, this research clarifies the causes of accidents from the perspective of energy isolation, and proposes harmful energy isolation methods to prevent and reduce safety accidents in subway deep foundation pits. The specific work is as follows.

Firstly, this research points out the problems of safety management method existing in the traditional deep foundation pit, sums up the list of common workers' unsafe behaviors and unsafe states of objects, with a view to proposing a better safety management method. Then clarify the relationship between the unsafe behavior of people and the unsafe state of things and harmful energy from the perspective of energy. Based on the analysis of harmful energy and the list of unsafe behavior of people and the unsafe state of things, completes the list of harmful energy. Based on the harmful energy list, the isolation method of harmful energy "data collection-energy identification-safety warning-energy isolation" is proposed: Collect on-site harmful energy data through on-site inspection and use of information monitoring technology; inspectors identify and identify harmful energy through visual inspection and use of information technology analysis; through the harmful energy isolation system to automatically alarm some harmful energy and upload to the platform early warning; on-site workers make corrections and on-site construction and supervision assist to take measures to isolate harmful energy. Finally, the harmful energy isolation method is applied to a deep foundation pit construction project of a subway station. The results show that the harmful energy existing on the site can be effectively identified and isolated, which can ensure the safety of the deep foundation pit construction process of the subway.

Through the above research, the harmful energy "data collection-energy identification-safety warning-energy isolation" isolation method proposed in this paper can effectively isolate the harmful energy existing in the construction site of the deep foundation pit of the subway, and reduce the unsafe behavior of workers and the safety of objects during construction safe state and prevent the occurrence of safety accidents. The method proposed in this research not only provides a good reference for other similar studies, but also provides a new safety management and control method for the on-site production work of other subway deep foundation pit construction.

Keywords: Subway deep foundation pit; Safety; Energy isolation; Harmful energy; Platform warning