基于成熟度理论的施工企业智能建造能力评价模型与应用研究

杜鹏

摘  要

随着数字经济的发展以及增长动力的转换，建造行业不得不加快转型升级的步伐。高质量发展的内生动力以及提质增效的客观需求，使得越来越多的施工企业开始意识到发展智能建造的重要性。然而，现阶段施工企业尤其是中小企业的智能建造发展仍处于较低水平，迫切需要探索智能建造应用发展框架以及与此相适应的智能建造应用评价方法以推动实践发展。

成熟度模型是一种适用于项目或组织管理能力评价的有效量化工具，为了更好地评价施工企业的智能建造应用与发展情况，将能力成熟度模型应用到施工企业智能建造应用评价方面。首先，通过文献研究了国内外智能建造技术的相关理论知识及研究应用现状，结合施工企业的技术及管理特点建立了智能建造应用框架及智能建造管理战略框架；其次，基于能力成熟度模型理论构建了一套施工企业智能建造能力成熟度评价指标体系，将施工企业的智能建造能力成熟度管理关键维度划分为顶层设计、数据驱动、资源支撑、数字建造四个能力要素，结合实地调研与访谈，根据指标筛选原则提炼整理了具备9个能力域、26个子能力、涵盖五级成熟度的能力成熟度评价指标体系；随后运用层次分析法完成对能力成熟度指标体系的权重计算，并利用灰色聚类评价法构建了施工企业智能建造能力成熟度综合评价模型；最后，以H企业为实证分析案例，应用所构建的施工企业智能建造能力成熟度模型，分析计算其能力成熟度等级，并结合评价结果明确能力成熟度提升的重点，对H企业的智能建造发展提出相应改进方向和路径建议。

本研究将理论与实践相结合，一方面拓展了智能建造应用评价方面的理论研究，另一方面为指导施工企业的智能建造发展提供了能力成熟度评价模型，也为行业协会、政府部门进一步激励企业发展智能建造提供参考。

关键词：施工企业；智能建造；能力成熟度模型；发展战略；灰色聚类评价法

Abstract

With the development of digital economy and the transformation of growth drivers, the construction industry has to accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading. The endogenous driving force of high-quality development and the objective demand for quality and efficiency improvement have made more and more construction enterprises begin to realize the importance of developing intelligent construction. However, the development of intelligent construction of construction enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, is still at a relatively low level at this stage, it is urgent to explore the development framework of intelligent construction applications and the corresponding evaluation methods of intelligent construction applications to promote the development of practice.

The maturity model is an effective quantitative tool for project or organization management capability evaluation. In order to better evaluate the application and development of intelligent construction in construction enterprises, the capability maturity model is applied to the evaluation of intelligent construction applications in construction enterprises. Firstly, the relevant theoretical knowledge and research and application status of intelligent construction technology at home and abroad were studied through literature, and the intelligent construction application framework and intelligent construction management strategic framework were established in combination with the technical and management characteristics of construction enterprises; secondly, based on the theory of capability maturity model , a set of evaluation index system for the maturity of intelligent construction capability of construction enterprise was established, and the key dimensions of intelligent construction capability maturity management of construction enterprises were divided into four capability elements: top-level design, data-driven, resource support, and digital construction. Combined with field research and interviews, according to the index screening principle, the capability maturity evaluation index system with 9 capability domains, 26 sub-capabilities and covering the fifth-level maturity was refined and sorted out; then the AHP was used to complete the capability maturity index system weight calculation. Finally, taking H enterprise as an empirical analysis case, applying the constructed construction enterprise intelligent construction capability maturity model to analyze and calculate its capability maturity level. Combined with the evaluation results, the focus of capability maturity improvement was clarified, and corresponding improvement directions and path suggestions were put forward for the development of intelligent construction of H enterprise.

This thesis combines theory with practice. On the one hand, it expands the theoretical research on the evaluation of intelligent construction applications, and on the other hand, it provides a capability maturity evaluation model for guiding the development of intelligent construction of construction enterprises. It also provides a reference for industry associations and government departments to further encourage enterprises to develop intelligent construction.

Key words: Construction Enterprises, Intelligent Construction, Capability Maturity Model, Development Strategy, Grey Clustering Evaluation Method