基于互联网平台的建筑劳务服务供需匹配研究

祝 倩

摘 要

在精益建造理念下，建筑劳务服务需要通过转型升级来改变供需矛盾突出等现状，完善项目需求与劳动力之间的资源分配，从而提升建筑行业整体的生产力。“互联网+”与共享经济理论的发展，影响着各行各业的原有范式，其信息共享性强的特点也给建筑劳务服务供需匹配效率低下等问题带来了新的思路。然而建筑劳务服务交易的繁琐性和多样性，使其与互联网平台的融合更为复杂。当前我国建筑劳务平台的发展还不完善，基于现状的建筑劳务供需匹配研究也较为缺乏。因此，本文结合本体技术、混合整数模型以及启发式算法等方法，对建筑劳务服务本体建模与推理、供需匹配以及平台的构建方案等问题展开了研究，旨在为建筑劳务平台的搭建提供一定的理论基础。

1、针对建筑劳务服务信息共享性差、完整度低等问题，构建了建筑劳务服务本体模型，便于信息在互联网平台的共享以及重复利用。本文基于本体技术，结合建筑劳务服务现状，初步完成了供需双方及信息库本体模型的构建；并利用基于领域知识以及模糊属性定义两种不同类型的推理，丰富了供需双方的属性特征，使得供需双方的信息完整度更高。

2、针对建筑劳务服务供需匹配沟通成本高、效率低下等问题，提出了基于SWRL规则的筛选推理、混合整数模型以及遗传算法相结合的供需匹配框架。本文在供需双方本体模型的基础上，利用SWRL规则，针对双方的直接要求，完成了供需匹配问题的初筛过程；在此基础上，结合我国建筑劳务服务现状，进一步构建了时间-成本多目标的混合整数模型，并通过遗传算法对该问题进行了求解，得到基于时间以及成本最优的施工队组合候选集。最后通过案例对比，验证了该模型的有效性与实用性；该数学模型更为贴近我国建筑劳务服务的现状，同时其结合本体推理与遗传算法的求解过程的高效性，使得基于互联网平台的快速供需匹配成为了可能。

3、针对建筑劳务服务转型升级过程中的平台化问题，在供需匹配模型的基础上，描绘了建筑劳务平台的用户流程以及功能模块两大部分。本文结合供需匹配方法中的输入，描绘了平台用户的基本流程，并展示了客户端输入的可视化界面；另外，围绕供需匹配模块，增添了建造活动跟踪与监督模块、以及诚信建设模块，以便加强供需匹配信息的完整性，同时有利于建筑劳务服务过程中诚信体系的建设。

本研究提出了一种基于互联网平台的建筑劳务服务供需匹配模型，给双方的匹配选择提供了一定的指导，同时为研究建筑劳务服务转型升级的学者提供了参考。

关键词：建筑劳务；建筑劳务平台；供需匹配；本体；混合整数模型

Abstract

With the development of lean construction concepts, construction labor service needs to transform and upgrade to change the current situation of prominent contradiction between supply and demand, improving the resource allocation between project demand and labor, so as to improve the overall productivity of the construction industry. The development of Internet and sharing economy theory has affected the original paradigm of various industries, and its characteristics of strong information sharing have also brought new ideas to the problems of low efficiency in matching supply and demand of construction labor service. However, the cumbersomeness and diversity of construction labor service make its integration with the Internet platform more complicated. At present, the development of the construction labor service platform is not perfect, and the research on the matching of construction labor supply and demand based on the status quo is also relatively lacking. Therefore, combined with ontology technology, mixed integer model and heuristic algorithm method, this paper studies the issues of construction labor service ontology modeling and reasoning, supply and demand matching, and platform construction scheme, aiming to provide a certain theoretical basis for the construction of the construction labor service platform.

1. Aiming at the problems of poor sharing and low integrity of construction labor service information, an ontology model of construction labor service was constructed to facilitate the sharing and reuse of information on the Internet platform. Based on ontology technology, combined with the status quo of construction labor services, this paper preliminarily completed the construction of the ontology model of both the supply and demand sides and the information database; And two different types of reasoning were defined based on domain knowledge and fuzzy attributes, which enriched the attribute characteristics of both the supply and demand sides and made the information more complete.

2. Aiming at the problems of high communication cost and low efficiency in supply and demand matching of construction labor services, a supply and demand matching framework combining SWRL rule-based screening reasoning, mixed integer model and genetic algorithm was proposed. Based on the ontology model of supply and demand, this paper used SWRL rules to complete the preliminary screening process of supply and demand matching problem according to the direct requirements of both parties; On this basis, combined with the status quo of construction labor service, a mixed integer model of time-cost multi-objective was further constructed, which was solved by genetic algorithm, obtaining the optimal construction team combination based on the least time and the least cost. Finally, the validity and practicability of the model were verified by case comparison; The mathematical model was closer to the status quo of construction labor services, and at the same time, the solution process combining ontology reasoning and genetic algorithm was efficient, making it possible to complete the rapid supply and demand matching based on the Internet platform.

3. Aiming at the platformization problem in the process of transformation and upgrading of construction labor service, this paper described the user process and functional modules of the construction labor service platform on the basis of the supply and demand matching model. Combined with the input in the supply and demand matching model, this paper described the basic process of platform users, and showed the visual interface of client input; In addition, around the supply and demand matching model, the construction activity tracking module and the integrity construction module were added to strengthen the integrity of supply and demand matching information, and at the same time, it was conducive to the construction of the integrity system in the construction labor service process.

This research proposes a supply and demand matching model of construction labor service based on the Internet platform, which provides certain guidance for the matching selection of both parties, which also provides a reference for scholars who study the transformation and upgrading of construction labor service.

Key Words: Construction Labor; Construction Service Platform; Supply and Demand Matching; Ontology; Mix Integer Model