建筑业企业技术创新模式及其选择研究

邓 林

摘 要

全面提升建筑业企业科技创新能力是推进建筑工业化、数字化、智能化转型升级，加快实现建筑业高质量发展的关键。构建适配的技术创新模式能更高效地整合与利用内外部创新资源，降低创新成本和风险，是提升建筑业企业技术创新效率与能力的重要途径。但现有研究尚未针对建筑业企业技术创新模式的选取及优化提供行之有效的方法参考。基于此背景，本文围绕建筑业企业技术创新模式及其选择开展了如下研究：

首先，本研究基于创新价值链以及智力资本等理论构建了建筑业企业技术创新模型，并以此为分析框架，重点对建筑业企业三种典型技术创新模式的运行表现形式、特征以及关联演化问题进行了系统性分析。

其次，基于文献资料分析，本研究从企业内部特性及外部环境两个维度出发，对建筑业企业技术创新模式选择的影响因素进行了归纳，凝练出涉及8大板块、共计26项影响因素，并分析了各影响因素的作用机理。

然后，本研究构建了建筑业企业技术创新模式选择模型。在指标筛选与优化方面，本研究结合影响因素分析以及专家访谈结果，构建了包含8个准则、33项关键指标的建筑业企业技术创新模式选择指标体系；在模型方法选用方面，根据指标体系特性，选用Choquet模糊积分法对各技术创新模式理想解状态以及企业技术创新内外部环境状态进行综合评价，利用系统相似度概念以及雷达图法完成企业技术创新模式的最终选择与优化。

最后，以H公司为实证案例，运用建筑业企业技术创新模式选择模型，对H公司技术创新模式的构建和优化进行了分析，并提出相应的对策建议。

关键词：建筑业企业；技术创新模式；创新模式选择；创新价值链；智力资本；Choquet模糊积分

Abstract

Comprehensively improving the technological innovation capability of construction companies is the key to promoting the industrialization, digitalization, and intelligent transformation and upgrading of construction, and accelerating the realization of high-quality development of the construction industry. Establishing an appropriate technological innovation mode can more efficiently integrate and utilize internal and external innovation resources, reduce innovation costs and risks, and is an important way to improve the technological innovation efficiency and capability of construction companies. However, the existing research has not provided an effective reference for the selection and optimization of the technological innovation mode of construction companies. Based on this background, this thesis carries out the following research on the technological innovation mode and mode selection of constructon companies:

Firstly, based on the relevant theories such as innovation value chain and intellectual capital, this thesis establishes a technological innovation model for construction companies. Taking it as the analysis framework, this thesis systematically analyzes the operational manifestations, characteristics, and the correlation evolution of three typical technological innovation modes of construction companies.

Secondly, based on literature analysis, this study makes a comprehensive summary of the factors influencing the selection of technological innovation modes of construction companies from the perspectives of internal characteristics and external environment, and then analyzes the influence mechanism of each influencing factor. A total of 26 influencing factors involving 8 major sectors were condensed, which basically covers all key links of the innovation value chain.

Then, this thesis establishes a model for the selection of technological innovation modes for construction companies. As for the screening and optimization of evaluation indicators, this study combines the analysis results of influencing factors and the suggestions made by experts to establish an index system that includes 8 sections and 33 key indicators. As for the selection of the method, according to the characteristics of the index system, the concept of λ fuzzy measure and Choquet fuzzy integral is introduced to evaluate the ideal state of technological innovation modes and the internal and external environmental characteristics of technological innovation of construction companies; and then the concept of system similarity and radar chart method are used to select and improve technological innovation modes.

Finally, using the selection model of the technological innovation mode of construction companies, this thesis analyzes the selection and optimization of the technological innovation mode of company H, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

Key words: Construction Company, Technological Innovation Mode, Selection of Innovation Mode, Innovation Value Chain, Intellectual Capital, Choquet Fuzzy Integral