科技投入对建筑业高质量发展水平的影响研究

储 颖

摘  要

建筑业是国民经济中的重要组成部分，但低效率、低品质、高污染、高能耗问题依然突出，粗放式发展难以为继，提高技术创新能力，实现高质量发展是必然趋势。在国家创新驱动战略引领下，探讨科技投入对建筑业高质量发展水平的影响作用，对于促进建筑业技术创新，实现高质量发展目标具有重要的意义。

本文首先分析了科技投入与建筑业高质量发展的关系，确定了科技投入对建筑业效率效益提升及绿色发展的作用。其次，构建了建筑业高质量发展水平评价体系，基于建筑业高质量发展的背景与内涵，以产业规模、效率能力、绿色发展和经济效益作为一级指标，14个具体变量作为二级指标，构建了建筑业高质量发展评价指标体系，采用熵权法对2004-2019年建筑业高质量发展水平进行了测算。最后，分别将建筑业高质量发展的总水平和各维度发展水平与科技投入指标纳入同一框架中，通过向量自回归模型进行实证分析。

研究结果表明，科技投入对建筑业高质量发展具有促进作用，但这种作用存在一定的滞后性，不同发展维度的滞后期也各不相同。本文研究期内，建筑业科技投入对建筑业高质量发展总水平的作用在滞后4期时达到最大，表明科技投入转化为实际效益需要较长的时间。根据分析结论，针对建筑业加大科技投入，促进高质量发展提出了对策建议。

关键词： 建筑业；高质量发展；科技投入；技术创新；向量自回归模型

Abstract

The construction industry is an important part of the national economy. However, the problems of low efficiency, low quality, high pollution and high energy consumption are still prominent, and extensive development is unsustainable. It is an inevitable trend to improve technological innovation capabilities and achieve high-quality development. Under the innovation-driven leadership, it is of great significance to discuss the impact of the investment in science and technology on the high-quality development of the construction industry for promoting technological innovation in the construction industry and achieving high-quality development goals.

Firstly, the relationship between the investment in science and technology and the development of the construction industry were analyzed, and the role of investment in science and technology in improving the efficiency and benefit and green development of the construction industry was determined. Secondly, an evaluation system for the high-quality development level of the construction industry was constructed. Based on the background and connotation of the high-quality development of the construction industry, through literature research, the industrial scale, efficiency capability, green development and economic benefits were taken as the first-level indicators, and 14 specific indicators were selected as the second-level indicators. Then the entropy weight method was used to measure the development level of the construction industry from 2004 to 2019. Finally, the overall level of high-quality development of the construction industry, the development level of each dimension, and the investment in science and technology indicators were included in the same framework, and empirical analysis was carried out by the vector autoregression model.

The research results show that the investment in science and technology can promote the high-quality development of the construction industry, but there is a certain lag in the effect, and the lag periods of different development dimensions are also different. During the research period, the effect of science and technology investment of construction industry on the overall level of high-quality development of the construction industry reached the maximum at the lag of 4 periods, indicating that it takes a long time to convert science and technology investment into actual benefits. According to the analysis conclusions, suggestions were put forward for increasing investment in science and technology and promoting high-quality development in the construction industry.

Key words: Construction industry; High-quality development; Investment in science and technology; Technological innovation; Vector autoregressive model