面向健康的办公建筑空间优化设计方法研究

殷子山

摘 要

办公建筑环境与人体健康和心理健康密切相关。当前面对激烈的市场竞争，人们的工作强度不断提高，办公人员与办公环境有关的健康问题日益突出。新冠肺炎疫情的不断反复也为办公人员的健康带来新的需求。因此如何结合健康建筑理念和时代背景需求，通过对办公建筑空间的合理配置和布局，满足办公人员的健康需求，营造健康舒适的办公空间环境，对预防和改善办公人员的健康问题具有深刻的现实意义。本文通过对健康建筑评价标准和办公人员健康需求的分析，提出面向健康的办公建筑空间优化要点，并基于参数化建模和衍生式设计方法，研究更满足办公人员健康需求的空间配置和布局方案，为办公建筑空间优化设计提供新思路和方法。

本文构建了多目标优化模型，利用衍生式设计形成满足办公人员健康需求的优化设计方法。首先基于健康建筑评价标准文献资料构建了符合时代背景需求的办公人员健康需求模型，分析办公人员在物理环境防疫设计、心理健康等方面的健康需求，总结出优化要点，并提炼出优化参数，将空间布局位置作为为自变量，定义相邻偏好评分、噪音影响评分和私密性评分为指标构建多目标优化模型。本文以办公建筑中常见的单廊式布局形式为例，在Grasshopper可视化编程平台中进行形体构建和变量定义，通过衍生式设计生成不同方案，并基于相邻偏好评分、噪音影响评分和私密性评分对生成的方案进行评估，得到满足提出的健康办公建筑设计要点和优化目标的办公建筑空间布局方案，为面向建康的办公建筑空间设计提供参考。

基于上述优化方法，本文以某办公建筑为研究对象，基于优化要点对案例的空间配置提出优化建议，结合采光效果分析图、各空间区域类型和业主需求对空间进行分区，以相邻偏好评分、噪音影响评分和私密性评分作为优化指标，通过衍生式设计生成综合评分较优方案，选出3个指标评分均优于原方案的结果，并对优化方案进行建模模拟评估，验证了优化的有效性。最后，本文总结了面向健康的办公建筑优化设计的要点和优化过程，对今后办公建筑空间设计的优化具有一定指导性意义。

关键词： 健康建筑；空间配置；空间布局；衍生式设计

Abstract

Office building environment is closely related to human body health and mental health, and the current in the face of fierce market competition, people's working intensity increasing, office workers health problems related to the office environment is increasingly outstanding, COVID - 19 outbreak is repeated also brings new requirements to the health of the office staff, so how to combine the requirements of health concept and the era background, It is of great practical significance to prevent and improve the health problems of office staff by reasonable configuration and layout of office building space to meet the health needs of office staff and create a healthy and comfortable office space environment. In this article, through building evaluation standard for health and office personnel health demand analysis, the main points in office building space optimization for health, and based on parametric modeling and generative design method of study is more meet the demand of office workers health space configuration and the layout scheme, as to optimize the design of office building space new ideas and methods.

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed to form an optimal design method to meet the health needs of office staff by derivative design. Firstly, based on the literature of healthy building evaluation standard, a health demand model of office staff in line with the background of The Times was constructed. The health needs of office staff in physical environment, epidemic prevention design, mental health and other aspects were analyzed. Key points of optimization were summarized and optimization parameters were extracted, and the spatial layout position was taken as independent variable. A multi-objective programming model was constructed by defining neighborhood preference score, noise impact score and privacy score. This paper takes the single corridor layout form common in office buildings as an example, constructs shapes and defines variables in Grasshopper visual programming platform, generates different schemes through derivative design, and evaluates the generated schemes based on adjacent preference score, noise impact score and privacy score. The spatial layout scheme of office building satisfying the design key points and optimization objectives of healthy office building is obtained, which provides reference for the space design of office building oriented to health.

Based on the above optimization method, this paper, taking a certain office building as the research object, based on the optimization of the main points of the space configuration of the case optimization Suggestions, combining with daylighting effect analysis, the demand for various types of space area and owners of space partition, with adjacent preference score, noise impact grade and privacy as optimization index, comprehensive score better project by generative design, producing, Three indicators were selected to be better than the results of the original scheme, and the optimization scheme was evaluated by modeling and simulation to verify the effectiveness of the optimization. Finally, this paper summarizes the key points and optimization process of health-oriented office building optimization design, which has certain guiding significance for the optimization of office building space design in the future.

Key words: healthy building, spatial configuration; spatial layout; generative design