盾构隧道新型管片拼装性能分析与足尺拼装试验研究
顾瑞康
摘 要
随着城市化程度的加深，人类对城市空间的开发逐渐向地下延伸。盾构法因为其安全保障高、对外部环境影响小等特点而广泛应用。盾构施工中的永久性衬砌结构一般采用螺栓管片，而螺栓管片一直存在着断面抗变形能力不足、易渗漏等问题。在此背景下，以榫卯连接件和销钉连接件代替螺栓连接件的新型管片进入视野。目前对于新型管片的研究主要集中在其结构性能方面，对新型管片从生产到拼装及质量检测缺少系统的研究。 本文的主要研究内容有：
（1）详细介绍了三种新型纵缝榫卯接头和一种新型环缝销钉接头的构造特征，并在 SolidWorks 中创建环间销钉接头和三种环内榫卯接头的三维模型， 对比分析三种榫卯接头的抗弯性能和抗拉性能，并采用机械成本估算法预估三种接头的生产成本， 综合优选出新型管片的最佳接头是标准块组合式榫卯接头和销钉接头。最后创建新型管片的三维模型，模拟新型管片实际拼装过程。
（2） 基于解析几何法计算三种轴线、管片中心的坐标，以及 16 种拼装点对应的偏转角，并得到拼装点优选范围表。最后依托武汉某小直径曲线盾构隧道工程的设计轴线进行虚拟拼装，进行偏差分析。结果表明新型管片的轴线偏差满足规范要求，并且小于螺栓管片的实际偏差。
（3） 进行新型管片的设计生产， 设计并进行新型管片和螺栓管片的足尺拼装试验，得到新型管片的拼装工法。同时根据新型管片的构造特点，基于点云处理技术进行接缝信息提取。结果表明点云处理技术能够有效识别接缝，且新型管片的接缝控制效果优于螺栓管片。最后设计出新型管片的拼装作业管理模式，并对该模式进行效率评价。结果表明该模式在信息传递、管片拼装、 异常接缝处理等方面效率更高。
本文对新型管片的研究得出了新型管片的拼装工法， 设计了新型管片从生产到拼装到质量检测的参考性方案， 设计新型管片的拼装作业管理模式， 为新型管片的应用提供了科学依据和实践经验，具有重要的工程意义和学术价值。
关键词：盾构隧道；新型管片；拼装性能；拼装试验；质量管理。
Abstract
With the deepening of urbanization, the development of urban space gradually extends underground. Shield method is widely used because of its high security and low impact on the external environment. The permanent lining structure of shield construction usually adopts bolt segment, but bolt segment always has some problems such as insufficient deformation resistance and easy leakage. In this context, a new type of pipe segment with mortise and tenon joints and pin joints instead of bolt joints comes into view. At present, the research on the new segment is mainly focused on its structural performance, and there is a lack of systematic research on the new segment from production to assembly and quality detection. The main research contents of this paper are:
（1） The structural characteristics of three new longitudinal joint mortise and tenon joints and one new ring joint pin joints are introduced in detail, and three-dimensional models of inter-ring pin joints and three in-ring mortise and tenon and tenon joints are created in SolidWorks. The flexural and tensile properties of the three kinds of tenon and tenon joints are compared and analyzed, and the production costs of the three kinds of joints are estimated by mechanical cost estimation method. The best joint of the new segment is the standard modular mortise and tenon joint and the pin joint. Finally, a 3D model of the new segment was created to simulate the actual assembling process of the new segment.
（2） Based on analytic geometry method, the coordinates of the three axes, the center of the segment, and the corresponding deflection angles of the 16 parts were calculated, and the optimal range table of the parts was obtained. Finally, the design axis from Huashan New City Station to Huashan River Station on Wuhan Line 19 is used for virtual assembly and deviation analysis. The results show that the axis deviation of the new segment meets the specification requirements and is smaller than the actual deviation of the bolt segment.
（3） Design and production of new segment, design and carry out full size assembly test of new segment and bolt segment, and obtain the assembly method of new segment. At the same time, according to the structural characteristics of the new segment, the cracks and joints were extracted based on point cloud processing technology. The results show that the point cloud processing technology can effectively identify cracks, and the joint control effect of the new segment is better than that of the bolt segment. Finally, a new segment assembly management system is designed and its efficiency is evaluated. The results show that the system is more efficient in information transmission, segment assembly and crack identification.
In this paper, the research of the new segment has obtained the assembly construction method of the new segment, designed the reference scheme of the application of the new segment from production to assembly to quality detection, designed the assembly management system of the new segment, provides a scientific basis for the application of the new segment, has important engineering significance and academic value.
Key words: Shield tunnel; New segment; Assembly performance; Assembly test; Quality control.
国家数字建造技术
创新中心
