随着工业革命 4.0 时代的到来，技术创新已成为建筑业转型升级实现高质量可持续发展的重要手段之一。国家在建筑业技术创新上的投入逐年攀升，然而我国建筑业仍面临着技术创新效率不高的问题。 因此， 评估现阶段建筑业的技术创新效率， 研究其影响因素， 对提升建筑业技术水平、促进建筑业转型升级有重要意义。

首先， 本文将建筑业技术创新分为技术研发阶段与成果转化阶段，利用两阶段DEA-Malmquist 指数模型对建筑业技术创新相对效率进行测度。 结果显示， 考察期内， 各省份的建筑业技术创新静态效率均值落在（0.18， 0.41）的区间范围内， 动态效率均值为 1.02。 说明我国建筑业整体的技术创新效率处于较低水平，且存在地区差异性。但整体而言， 我国建筑业的技术创新效率相较于 2011 年还是有较大提升的。
其次， 本文研究了政府补贴力度、技术水平、对外开放度、建筑业市场化程度、建筑业产业集聚度等因素对建筑业技术创新效率的影响，采用时空地理加权回归模型进行实证分析，并进一步探讨了各个因素的时间与空间演变趋势。 结果表明：（1）政府补贴力度的影响程度最大，技术水平紧随其后，建筑业市场化程度次之， 对外开放度、 建筑业产业集聚度的影响较小。（2）总体来看， 政府补贴力度对我国建筑业技术创新效率的影响呈“U”型，技术水平、对外开放度、以及建筑业市场化程度对建筑业技术创新效率的影响呈倒“U”型，而建筑业产业集聚度终保持着对建筑业技术创新效率的促进作用。（3）各个因素对建筑业技术创新效率所起到的作用与影响程度都存在时空差异性。
最后， 通过对建筑业技术创新效率的测度以及对其影响因素的分析与研究，本文从政府、产业、企业、区域四个层面，就如何提高我国建筑业技术创新能力并实现均衡发展提出了相关建议。

关键词：建筑业；技术创新效率；影响因素；两阶段 DEA-Malmquist 模型；时空地理加权回归模型

With the arrival of the era of industrial revolution 4.0, technological innovation has become one of the important means to transform and upgrade the construction industry to achieve high-quality sustainable development. National investment in technological innovation in the construction industry has been rising year by year, yet China's construction industry is still facing the problem of low efficiency of technological innovation. Therefore, it is important to assess the technological innovation efficiency of the construction industry at the present stage and study its influencing factors to improve the technological level of the construction industry and promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.
Firstly, this paper divides the technological innovation in construction industry into technology development stage and result transformation stage, and measures the relative efficiency of technological innovation in construction industry using two-stage DEAMalmquist index model. The results show that the average value of static efficiency of technological innovation in the construction industry of each province falls within the range of (0.18, 0.41) and the average value of dynamic efficiency is 1.02 during the period under investigation, indicating that the overall technological innovation efficiency of China's construction industry is at a low level and there are regional differences. However, on the whole, the technological innovation efficiency of China's construction industry has been greatly improved compared with 2011.
Second, this paper investigates the influence of government subsidies, technology level, openness to the outside world, the degree of marketization of the construction industry, and the degree of agglomeration of the construction industry on the technological innovation efficiency of the construction industry, and conducts an empirical analysis using a spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression model, and further explores the temporal and spatial evolution trends of each factor. The results show that: (1) government subsidies have the greatest influence, followed by technology level, followed by the degree of marketization of construction industry, and the degree of openness to the outside world and construction industry agglomeration have less influence. (2) In general, the influence of government subsidies on the technological innovation efficiency of China's construction industry is in a "U" shape, while the influence of technology level, openness, and the degree of marketization of the construction industry on the technological innovation efficiency of the construction industry is in an inverted "U" shape. (3) The influence of various factors on the technological innovation efficiency of the construction industry is in a "U" shape. (3) There are spatial and temporal differences in the role and degree of influence of each factor on the technological innovation efficiency of the construction industry.
Finally, through the measurement of technological innovation efficiency in the construction industry and the analysis and research of its influencing factors, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions on how to improve the technological innovation capacity of China's construction industry and achieve balanced development from four levels: government, industry, enterprise and region.