摘要

工程项目控制系统是决定工程项目成败的三大要素之一，项目定义(Project Definition)则是工程项目控制系统的首要环节。针对我国目前在大型基础设施工程建设控制领域普遍存在的项目控制周期大于项目需求变化周期的不良现象，本文在初步阐述以广义质量为驱动的工程项目控制原理的基础上深入探讨了与之相适应的工程项目定义系统的模型与方法设计问题。

首先分析了以“进度、成本与技术性能”为核心构成的三角目标体系为驱动的工程项目控制系统在当前工程项目控制实践中存在的不足，在辨析广义质量与三角目标体系之间内在联系的基础上提出了广义质量驱动的工程项目控制系统的基本思想，借鉴大系统智能控制的思想与原理，从控制原理、控制过程、控制作用机制、控制职能、控制结构和信息结构等多个层面对广义质量驱动的工程项目控制系统进行了系统的阐述，并初步描述了其技术方法体系特点。

分析了广义质量驱动的工程项目控制系统中项目定义问题的结构复杂性和社会复杂性，借鉴分布协同式专家系统的设计与开发思路，提出了将Semantic Web、基于案例的推理以及多主体系统有机结合的广义质量驱动的工程项目定义系统体系结构及其技术支持体系。

在分析CBPDS知识库构成与特点的基础上，探讨了基于资源描述框架(Resource DescriptionFramework, RDF)模型进行工程项目定义案例表达的原理，提出了基于Ontology标注的工程项目定义案例表达与组织方法，并以此为基础，初步探讨了CBPDS知识库中单调规则知识与缺省规则知识的表达与开发方法；针对CBPDS知识库的分布性特点，初步探讨了基于语境本体(contextualizing Ontology)的分布式知识库共享与集成原理。

给出了CBPDS中基于多主体协商的案例检索模型，形式化地定义了案例检索过程中各Agent的行为，进而以OWL-QL(OWL Query Language)为基础，从案例查询构建、抽象案例匹配、具体案例匹配中的语义相似度计算以及分布式环境中的案例查询重构等环节入手进行了CBPDS中的案例检索方法设计。

将CBPDS中的案例修正视为一个约束满足问题求解过程，考虑工程项目定义案例修正所面临约束环境的特点，给出了基于动态分布式约束满足问题求解的工程项目定义案例修正模型，讨论了基于RDF、Ontology和SWRL(Semantic Web RuleLanguage)的约束满足问题定义方法，并进一步从案例重用初始化、案例本地修正、案例修正方案合并、案例修正方案全局评审以及综合成本代价计算等环节进行了方法设计。

以某城市轨道交通工程为例，对广义质量驱动的工程项目控制原理与CBPDS问题求解过程进行了实证阐述，并进一步探讨了本研究进一步拓展与深化的方向。

关键词：广义质量;工程项目定义; 基于案例的推理; 语义网;描述逻辑

Abstract

Engineeringproject control system is one of the three essential factors that determine thesuccess or failure of engineering project. Project Definition is theprimary stage in the engineering project control system. In view that the undesirabletendency, which project control cycle is longer than the project demand changecycle, commonly exists in the controlled domain of large-scale infrastructureengineering construction of our country at present, the general quality driven engineeringproject control strategy and model architecture are initially proposed in thisarticle. Based on it, corresponding engineering project definition system modeland methodology are thoroughly discussed.

Firstly,the insufficiency of existing project control system, which takes the triangletarget system constituted by the “schedule, cost and technical performance” asthe driving force, is analyzed. The basic thought of General Quality Driven engineeringproject control system is proposed on the basis of discriminating the innerrelation of the general quality and the triangle target system. The thought andprinciple of large system intelligence control is profited, and the generalquality driven project control system is analyzed from multiple layers, such ascontrol principle, control process model, control mechanism model, control functionsystem, control structure model and control information model, etc. What’smore, the characteristic of its technology method system is preliminaryanalyzed.

Thestructural and social complexities of the project definition in the generalquality driven project control system are analyzed via “Wicked Problem” theory.In terms of the general principle of distributed cooperative expert systemdesign,the architecture of the gerenal quality driven project definition systemwas proposed,which integrating the Semantic Web,Case-Based Reasoning andMulti-Agent System.

Onthe basis of analyzing the constitution and characteristic of the engineeringproject definition knowledge base, the principle of project definition caseexpression based on the RDF (Resource Description Framework) model is discussed.The case expression and organization method of engineering project definitionbased on Ontology Annotation is proposed. Still on this basis, the expressionand the development method of the monotonous rule knowledge and default ruleknowledge are initially discussed in the CBPDS knowledge base. In view of the distributedcharacteristic of the CBPDS knowledge library, the sharing and the integratingmethod of the distributed knowledge base based on contextualizing Ontology is initiallydiscussed.

Thecase retrieval model based on the Multi-Agents collaboration is put out, whichis the main element of case-based reasoning engine. Furthermore, each agentbehavior in the case retrieval process is formally defined. Then the caseretrieval methods design is carried on from segments, such as the case queryformulation, the abstract case match, the semantic similar computation in concretecase match and the query reformulation in a distributional environment.

Thecase adaptation in the CBPDS is regarded as a constraint satisfactory problemsolving process. Considering the characteristic of constraint in CBPDS, the engineeringproject definition case adaptation model based on the dynamic distributed constraintsatisfactory problem solving is put up, the definition method of the constraintsatisfactory problem based on RDF, Ontology and the Semantic Web Rule Language(SWRL) is discussed. Furthermore, the method design is carried on from the caseadaptation initialization, case local adaptation, the merge of case adaptationsolution, the overall appraisal of case global adaptation and the synthesiscost.

Takecertain city rail transit project for an example, the general quality driven controlprinciple of engineering project and the CBR-Based project definition problemsolving method is practically elaborated, and the further development and thedeepened direction of this research are further discussed.

Keywords: General Quality ;   ProjectDefinition;    Case-Based Reasoning;  Semantic Web;    Description Logic