基于生产-运输-装配一体化建造方式

的建模研究

孔刘林

摘 要

近年来，随着我国建筑业的蓬勃发展，装配式建筑受到了政府的大力推广。相对于传统建筑，装配式建筑采用“生产-运输-装配”一体化的建造方式，能有效地缩短工期、节约大量的水、木材和用工量、及减少大量建筑垃圾，并且逐渐地被认为是大城市中更加生态和可持续发展的一种建造方法。然而，新颖的建造方法在其应用实施过程中遇到的问题层出不穷，因具有集成性和系统性，使得传统的建模研究方法面临严峻的挑战，迫切需要发展形成一体化的建模研究方法，支撑“生产-运输-装配”一体化建造方式的发展。随着计算机技术的迅猛发展，“生产-运输-装配”一体化建造领域也迎来了建模计算分析和虚拟仿真的浪潮，为装配式建筑的发展提供了新的思路，也为建筑工业化的贯彻执行提供了强有力的支持。

本文从“生产-运输-装配”一体化建造方式出发，在结合文献综述和工程实际的基础上，指出了现有装配式建筑在生产、运输调度及装配吊装过程三阶段优化建模方法的不足及现有研究的空白，提出了装配式建筑集生产-运输-现场装配一体化的生产、运输调度优化建模理论及装配吊装优化建模与虚拟仿真可视化集成技术研究方法。首先详细阐述了构建基于JIT理论和批调度思想的单机调度模型对生产阶段调度方案进行优化的研究思路，并证明了模型可用动态规划算法求解。接着，结合工程实际，阐述了构建基于时变理论和批调度思想的多目标优化模型对运输阶段调度方案进行优化的研究思路，模型中考虑环境绩效因素和经济绩效因素对装配式建筑建造过程总成本的影响，对环境绩效因素和经济绩效因素进行了量化处理，并证明了模型可用多项式时间优化算法求解。然后，将路径规划算法引入装配式建筑装配吊装过程中，详细描述了双塔机吊装路径建模优化过程，提出了基于几何解析法的双塔机吊装最短路径的理论求解方法，并阐述了最短吊装路径算法与基于Unity3D平台开发的虚拟吊装模拟技术集成对装配式建筑现场装配过程控制的应用价值。最后，通过某一装配式公共租赁住房案例展示了双塔机吊装路径优化的建模过程和最短路径的理论解及虚拟吊装模拟技术在装配式建筑现场装配过程中的具体应用。

关键词：一体化建造；建模研究；单机批调度模型；多目标优化模型；装配吊装路径优化；3D虚拟吊装技术

Abstract

In recent years, the progress of science and technology and the rapid development of national economy have led to the rapid development of China's construction industry, assembly buildings have been vigorously promoted by the government. Compared with the traditional construction mode, the assembly building with a construction mode of integrated "Manufacture-Transportation-Assembly" can effectively shorten the construction period, save a lot of water, wood and workload, and reduce a lot of construction waste, which is gradually considered as a more ecological and sustainable construction mode in large cities. However, the novel construction method was confronted with many problems during its application and implementation, which is urgent to develop an integrated modeling research method to support the development of integrated "production-transportation-assembly" construction method. Due to its integration and systematicness, the traditional modeling research methods were faced with severe challenges. With the rapid development of computer technology, the field of assembly structure construction has also ushered in a wave of modeling calculation analysis and virtual simulation, which provides a new idea for the development of assembly structure and a strong support for the implementation of construction industry.

On the basis of literature review and engineering practice, this paper points out the shortcomings of existing modeling methods in assembly structure system and the gaps of existing research. This paper first puts forward the modeling theory by integrating the production, transportation and field assembly as a whole. The whole process is modeled as a JIT-based single machine batch scheduling model to optimize the scheduling scheme in production stage, and it is proved that the model can be solved by dynamic programming algorithm. Secondly, the construction of a multi-objective cost optimization model based on time-varying theory and batch scheduling idea is elaborated, where the influence of environmental and economic factors on the total cost is considered and quantified in the construction process of assembly structures. And it’s proved that the model can be solved by polynomial time optimization algorithm. Then, the path planning algorithm is introduced into the construction process of assembly structure, and the process of modeling and optimizing the hoisting path of double tower cranes is described in detail. The theoretical method to solve the shortest hoisting path of double tower cranes based on geometric solution is proposed. In addition, the algorithm to find the shortest hoisting path is combined with the virtual hoisting simulation technology based on the Unity3D platform to provide suggestions for the process control in the field construction of assembly structures. Finally, the modeling and theoretical solution processes of the shortest path optimization for double tower crane hoisting and the virtual hoisting simulation technology in the construction process of assembled structure are demonstrated through a case study of an assembled public rental housing.

Key words: Integrated Construction；Modeling Analysis；Single machine batch scheduling model；Multi-objective optimization model；Hoisting Path Optimization for Assembly; 3D Virtual Reality Technique for Lifting Simulation