摘 要

面对建筑业难得的发展机遇，建筑企业并未因项目管理方法广泛应用而获得显著的效益。建筑企业项目管理在实践中仍然面临着诸多问题。除了继续改进项目管理体系和方法之外，建筑企业从组织层面审视、完善项目组织结构和管理机制，对于提高项目管理水平同样具有重要的意义。

本文依据组织管理和项目管理理论，针对我国建筑企业项目管理现状和特点，分析了建筑企业项目组织管理分权化的需要和内涵，提出并验证了不同分权化程度下的项目组织结构对项目实施过程及项目绩效的作用关系，探讨适应项目管理需要的建筑企业项目组织结构形式及管理机制优化措施，为提高建筑企业项目管理水平提供借鉴。

在对当前建筑企业项目组织管理现状调查分析的基础上，探讨了影响建筑企业项目管理水平的组织环境要素，研究了项目管理控制权的内涵及分配机理，分析了建筑企业项目管理分权化的内在要求，探讨了项目组织结构的分权化特征以及分权化程度对项目实施过程及项目绩效的影响作用。

构建了组织层面的项目组织结构分权化程度变量与个体层面的项目部人员工作满意度、工作绩效变量的多层线性模型，验证了分权化程度对项目部人员工作满意度和工作绩效都存在直接的正相关关系，并能够正向调节工作满意度与工作绩效之间的正相关关系。结果表明，建筑企业项目组织结构分权化程度影响项目部人员的工作态度和工作行为，优化调整项目组织结构对于提高项目管理水平具有积极作用。

建立了项目组织结构分权化对项目目标实现程度的结构方程模型，提出并验证了项目组织结构分权化程度对项目绩效的影响路径。结果表明，较高的分权化程度有助于提高建筑企业管理项目的组织效率，有利于提升企业职能部门对项目部的协调、支持力度和意愿，最终提高项目目标的实现程度。对提高项目管理水平的作用而言，改善项目所处组织环境比企业单纯增加资金、设备等基础资源更为有重要。

构建了建筑企业项目管理最优分权度模型，分析了其影响因素和发展趋势。分析了建筑企业对项目部的激励约束机制设计原则，构建了项目部人员管理能力评价

模型和企业项目监管体系，最后提出了一种基于横向和职能混合型的建筑企业项目组织结构。

关键词：建筑企业 项目管理 项目组织结构 集权与分权 多层线性模型 结构方程模型 最优分权度

Abstract

Facing the development opportunity of the construction industry, the construction enterprises have not obtained significant benefits from the project management method widely used. Project management of the construction enterprises still faces many problems in practice. Besides continue to improve project management system and method, it is also important for the construction enterprises to improve the project organization structure and management mechanism from the aspect of organization.

Based on the theory of organizational management and project management, this dissertation studies the current situation and characteristics of the construction enterprises project management, analyses the connotation of the decentralization for construction enterprises project management. Then, this dissertation disscusses and test the effects of Project organization structure in different degree of decentralization on project implementation process and project performance. The dissertation also explores to build a project organization structure of the construction enterprises that adapt to the requirements of project management. This study is useful to improve the level of the construction enterprises project management.

Firstly, the dissertation discusses the influences factors of the enterprise organization environment for project management based on the investigation and analysis of project organization management situation in the current construction enterprises. According to the connotation and distribution characteristics of project management control, it is the intrinsic request of project management decentralization in the construction enterprises. The dissertation also discusses the decentralization characteristics and the effects of the decentralization degree of project organization structure on project implementation process and project performance.

Secondly, the dissertation builds a hierarchical linear models of the degree of decentralization of the project organization structure in organizational level, the job satisfaction and the work performance of the project management team in individual level. The result show that there is direct correlation between them which can be adjusted positively. And the degree of the decentralization of the project organization structure influence the attitudes and behaviors of the people in the organization. So there is an active impact to improve the management level by adjusting of project organization

structure.

Thirdly, the dissertation builds a structural equation model of achievement of project with the impact the decentralization of the project organization structure. The result show that the high level decentralization does useful to improve the management efficiency and the coordination, capability and willingness of the corporate functions to the project management. So, Changing the project environment is better than merely increasing capital and equipments to improve the level of the project management.

At last, the dissertation builds a model of the optimized degree of decentralization of construction enterprise for project management, and analyses the influence factors of the model. At the same time, this dissertation analyses the principle of incentive and restraint mechanisms to improve project management. Then, the dissertation suggestes a organization structure of construction enterprise project management based on the theory of horizontal and mixed organization.

Key Words: Construction enterprise Project management Project orgnization structure Centralization & Decentralization Hierarchical Linear Models (HLM) Structural Equation Model (SEM) Optimized degree of decentralization