建筑工人信息共享模型与服务研究
盛 达
摘 要
我国建筑工人面临年龄结构失衡、无序流动性大、职业技能水平低、权益保障不到位、缺乏统一市场等一系列难题，已难以满足我国建筑业高质量发展的需要，亟待向产业化转型。现有研究针对建筑工人产业化问题作出了诸多探讨，部分研究已意识到共享建筑工人信息的重要性，并提出通过搭建一体化平台集成与共享建筑工人信息的建议。但从总体上看，探索信息共享对于建筑工人产业化的影响，以及如何共享和利用建筑工人信息的研究较少。这导致通过全国建筑工人信息互联共享来加快推动信息化管理作为培育新时代建筑产业工人队伍的重要措施，尚缺乏理论和方法上的支撑，从而制约了建筑工人产业化进程。针对上述问题，本文主要研究内容如下：
其一，针对现有研究缺乏探讨信息共享对建筑工人产业化影响机理的问题，基于博弈论分别研究了传统模式下和信息共享下建筑工人、建筑劳务企业、施工企业等主体的行为。在传统模式下，构建了建筑工人与建筑劳务企业之间的不完全信息动态博弈模型，并对模型的精炼贝叶斯均衡展开分类讨论。模型为现阶段建筑工人技能培训的低参与度现象提供了解释。在信息共享条件下，构建了建筑工人、建筑劳务企业、 施工企业之间的演化博弈模型， 分析了模型的演化稳定条件和演化路径。研究揭示了信息共享对于我国建筑劳务企业的专业化转型以及建筑工人的职业化发展的决定性作用。
其二，针对现有建筑工人评价结果难以跨越企业或项目边界，为广泛的市场主体提供支持的问题，构建了信息共享条件下建筑工人和建筑劳务分包服务信息模型以及评价方法。对建筑工人的适应性、社会性、主观能动性、复杂性等特征进行分析，构建了建筑工人的四元信息模型，并基于 SERVPERF 模型构建了建筑劳务分包服务模型。针对共享的评价信息，通过引入用于衡量不完整排序间一致性的扩展Kendall-τ 系数，结合 Euclidean 距离，形成了建筑工人评价信息共享条件下应对不同评价者评价尺度不一致、评价矩阵稀疏、评价数量相对较少等特征的建筑工人和建筑劳务分包服务评价方法。
其三，针对现有建筑工人优化配置方法难以满足行业参与主体按需配置的问题，在建筑工人供需信息共享的基础上，构建了建筑工人及建筑劳务分包服务的供需匹配优化模型。将建筑工人和建筑劳务分包服务的属性分为硬属性、效益型属性、成本型属性和区间型属性，引入匹配度概念与计算方法，依据我国建筑劳动力市场和劳务市场的业务场景，形成建筑工人和建筑劳务分包服务供需匹配的约束条件，基于市场总匹配度最大的原则构建了供需匹配优化的目标函数，并采用遗传算法进行模型的求解。模型和求解算法的有效性通过实验进行了验证。
其四，针对现有研究成果和行业实践中缺乏对建筑工人信息共享平台搭建的探讨，构建了由建筑工人信息共享服务端和建筑工人信息区块链构成的建筑工人信息共享平台，并分别分析了前者的总体架构、关键技术和运行过程，以及后者的技术框架。
本文通过构建理论分析模型，研究了信息共享对于我国建筑工人产业化的影响，有助于我国建筑工人产业化问题研究的深入。 通过探索基于共享信息的建筑工人创新服务以及平台模式，为加快培育新时代建筑产业工人队伍提供了理论与方法支撑。
关键词：建筑工人产业化；信息共享；群体评价；供需匹配；平台模式
Abstract
Construction workers in China are faced with a series of problems such as imbalanced age structure, large disordered mobility, low level of professional skills, insufficient protection of rights and interests, and lack of a unified market. The construction worker group can no longer meet the needs of high-quality development in the construction industry, and it is urgent to transform into industrialized direction. There have been numerous discussions on the industrialization of construction workers, and some studies have realized the importance of sharing information on construction workers and proposed the idea of integrating and sharing this information through a unified platform. However, overall, there has been relatively little research on the impact mechanism of information sharing on the industrialization of construction workers, as well as the methods of sharing and utilizing construction worker information. This has resulted in a lack of theoretical and methodological support for accelerating the promotion of information management through the national sharing of information on construction workers, which is an important measure for cultivating the new era construction industrial workforce. This, in turn, restricts the process of industrialization of construction workers. With regards to the above problem, the main research contents are as follows:
Firstly, considering the lack of discussion on the impact of information sharing on the industrialization of construction workers, this dissertation investigates the behavior of main players such as construction workers, labor subcontractors and contractors under traditional model and information sharing conditions based on game theory. Under the traditional model, a dynamic game model with incomplete information between construction workers and labor subcontractors is constructed under the condition of information non-sharing, and a classification discussion on the perfect Bayesian Nash equilibrium of the model is carried out. The model provides an explanation for the low participation rate of construction workers in skill training. Under the condition of information sharing, an evolutionary game model between contractors, labor subcontractors and construction workers is established, and the evolution stability conditions and evolution paths of the model are analyzed. The results reveal the decisive role of information sharing in the professionalization transformation of labor subcontractors and the vocational development of construction workers.
Secondly, addressing the issue of the difficulty in reusing evaluation results of construction worker across enterprise or project boundaries and providing support to a wide range of market participants, information models and an evaluation method are established for construction workers and construction labor services under information sharing conditions. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of construction workers, including adaptability, sociality, subjective initiative, and complexity, a quaternary information model of construction workers and a SERVPERF model-based construction labor service model are built. Subsequently, an evaluation method for construction workers and construction labor services is proposed by combining the extended Kendall-τ coefficient, which can measures the consistency of incomplete rankings, and the Euclidean distance under the condition of evaluation information sharing. This method can deal with the problem caused by inconsistent evaluation scales of different evaluators, and sparse and relatively small number of evaluation results.
Thirdly, aiming at the problem that the existing methods for optimizing the allocation of construction workers cannot meet the demand-driven allocation needs of industry participants, supply and demand matching optimization models for construction workers and construction labor services are established on the basis of sharing information on the supply and demand of construction workers. The attributes of construction workers and construction labor services are divided into hard attributes, benefit attributes, cost attributes and interval attributes. The concept of matching degree and corresponding calculation methods are then introduced. According to the business scenarios, the constraint functions of the supply and demand matching of construction workers and construction labor services in construction are proposed. The objective functions for bilateral matching are constructed based on the principle of maximum overall market matching degree. Genetic algorithm is chosen to resolve the model. The feasibility of the optimization model and solving algorithm is validated by an experiment.
At last, in view of the lack of discussions on the construction paradigm of a construction worker information sharing platform in existing research achievements and industry practices, a construction worker information sharing platform is constructed, consisting of a construction worker information sharing server and a construction worker information blockchain. The overall architecture, key technologies and operating process of the former and the technical framework of the latter are analyzed respectively.
This dissertation studies the impact of information sharing on the industrialization of construction workers in China by building theoretical analysis models, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the industrialization of construction workers. By exploring the construction workers innovation services and platform models based on shared information, this dissertation provides theoretical and methodological support for the cultivation of new era construction industrial workers in China.
Key words: Industrialization of construction workers; Information sharing; Group evaluation; Supply and demand matching; Platform model
国家数字建造技术
创新中心
