摘 要

工程活动一直伴随着人类历史的发展而不断发展。特别是最近两百多年来，科学、经济、社会、技术的进步大大加快，带来的是飞速变化的工程轨迹和路径，即工程演化的速率比人类过去几千年文明史中的变化更加令人瞩目。工程的“演化性”决定了必须研究“工程演化”问题。通过对土木工程发展历史以及科学技术发展史的梳理来研究工程演化问题，分析探究工程演化的内涵、目的、特点、动力系统和影响机制等问题，不仅为科学技术发展的方向、工程科学的研究方向提供战略性、导向性的意见，而且为现实的工程管理提供了理论依据。工程演化过程曲折复杂，意义重大，影响深远。从理论研究和实践指导来看，都亟需对工程演化问题开展理论和实践方面的研究。

本文以工程哲学和工程演化论为研究理论，以工程演化为研究主题，以具有特定社会文化科技背景的世博会为研究对象展开研究。研究内容分为理论分析和实例分析两部分，理论部分将工程活动看作一个系统，这个系统包含两个基本要素：技术要素和非技术要素，技术要素即生产力，非技术要素即在当时的社会文化背景下滋生的人的需求；实例分析即分析世博会的具体建筑实例，具体分析工程演化在此阶段的演化特征和演化结果。工程演化每个阶段都具有递进性，正因为如此，能根据世博会的工程演化分析来评价和预测当前的演化所处的阶段以及未来的演化方向。工程的定义十分广泛，但本文研究的工程仅限于建筑工程。最后本文以学者们对数字建造的研究为依据，通过对世博会上数字技术应用的历史情况和近年来与数字建造相关的专利技术数量进行定量统计，验证工程演化现阶段进入“数字建造”时代。

关键词：工程哲学；工程演化；技术演化；世博会；数字建造

Abstract

With the development of human beings, the engineering activity is developing constantly. Especially in recent two hundred years, the progress of science, economy, society and technology greatly accelerated, bringing breakneck development of project trajectory and path, that is to say the corresponding evolution rate of engineering is faster than the past several thousand years of human civilization. This character calls for researches on evolutionary theory of engineering. By combing history of engineering, issues of engineering essence, features, power,mechanismand laws, etc,can be discussed. It is not only provide strategic suggestions for technological progress and engineering science research, but also provide a theoretical basis for actual engineering management. Engineering evolution is a tortuous process and is of great significance, so it is necessary to study this question for both theoretical needs and realistic needs of the community.

The thesis studies on engineering evolution based on the World Expo which have particular background. The project philosophy and evolutionary theory of engineering are used as research theory to study engineering evolution. Research is divided into two parts: one is theoretical analysis, studying two factors of engineering activity- technological factors which mean productive force and non-technological factors which mean human needs at particular time, another part is instance analysis, analyzing specific construction examples of the World Expo, from which evolution features and results can be found.Engineering evolution is a progressive evolution, for which current stage of evolution can be evaluated and direction of future evolution can be predicted. In this paper, constructional engineering is studied only, though the definition of engineering is very extensive.In the end, according to researches of digital construction, it is verified that this stage of engineering evolution is “digital construction” through quantitative statistics of situation of digital technology applied in the EXPO and number of parents related to digital construction.

Key words:Engineering philosophy; Engineering evolution; Technology evolution; World exposition; Digital construction