摘要

随着我国经济和技术的飞速发展，建设项目的规模变得越来越大、周期变得越来越长、技术难度越来越高，建设项目容易发生风险事件，对社会、经济、自然环境等产生影响。国内外专家学者和从业人员一直在研究防范和降低建设项目的风险，然而，由于缺少经验和知识，建设项目风险管理并没有得到有效实施。虚拟社区和本体技术对知识的获取和共享具有重要作用。本文的研究目标将虚拟社区和本体技术引入到建设项目风险管理中，构建面向虚拟社区的建设项目风险本体知识库，旨在提高建设项目各方人员的风险知识水平，预防和降低建设项目风险事件的发生。

首先，本文在详细的文献综述的基础上，分析了国内外建设项目风险知识管理、虚拟社区、本体的研究现状和研究方向，并指出了目前研究的不足之处。进而提出在建设项目风险管理中引入虚拟社区和本体技术，利用虚拟社区的开放性，获取建设项目的风险知识并完成对风险知识的评审。接着，在本体理论研究的基础上，选择本体编辑工具Protégé软件和“七步法”构建建设项目风险本体。从知识表示、核心概念定义、类与类之间的关系和属性定义、实例创建等完成建设项目风险本体知识库的构建，并基于协作开发完成风险本体的更新。最后，对面向虚拟社区的建设项目风险本体知识库进行应用分析，主要从推理、语义检索等两方面对构建的本体知识库的功能作了简单介绍和应用。并以此开发原型系统对实际工程案例进行验证，实现建设项目的风险知识共享和重用，促进建设项目人员风险管理水平的提高，这对防范和降低建设项目风险具有重要意义。

关键字：建设项目风险，知识管理，虚拟社区，本体，知识库

Abstract

With the rapid development of China's economy and technology, the scale of construction projects has become more and more large, the cycle becomes longer and longer, the technical difficulty is getting higher and higher, the construction project is prone to risk cases, that He has an impact on society, economy, and the natural environment.Domestic and foreign experts, scholars and practitioners have been studying preventing and reducing construction projects risks. However, due to lack of experience and knowledge,construction project risk management has not been effectively implemented. Virtual community and ontology have an important role in the acquisition and sharing of knowledge. The aim of this paper is to introduce the virtual community and ontology technology into the construction project risk management, and construct the risk knowledge base of the construction project for the virtual community. It aims to improve the risk knowledge level of the project personnel and prevent and reduce the risk of the construction project happened.

First of all, on the basis of detailed literature review, this paper analyzes the current situation and research direction of risk knowledge management, virtual community and ontology of construction projects at home and abroad, and points out the shortcomings of the current research. And then put forward the virtual community and ontology technology in the risk management of construction project, utilize the openness of the virtual community, obtain the risk knowledge of the construction project and review the risk knowledge. Then, on the basis of ontological theory, we choose the ontology editing tool Protégé software and the "seven step" to construct the construction project risk ontology. From the knowledge representation, the definition of the core concept, the relationship between the class and the definition of the class, the creation of examples to complete the construction project risk ontology knowledge base construction, and based on collaborative development to complete the risk of ontology update. Finally, to analyze application of the ontology knowledge base of the construction project for the virtual community, and the function of the ontology knowledge base is briefly introduced and applied from the aspects of reasoning and semantic retrieval. And to develop the prototype system to verify the actual project case, to achieve the construction project risk knowledge sharing and reuse, and promote the construction project personnel risk management level, which is to prevent and reduce the risk of construction projects is of great significance.

Keyword：projectrisk,knowledge management,virtual community , ontology , knowledge base