摘 要

工序质量控制作为目前施工质量控制的主要手段，在保证建筑质量的过程中占有重要地位。工序质量取证是否标准，取证结果是否具有可信度，是准确评价施工质量水平的关键。随着现阶段计算机技术、BIM技术和网络技术的发展，工序质量取证也渐渐走向集成化和智能化。另外，通过一体化的质量智能控制系统对海量数据挖掘，从而来监测工序质量的异常波动，是信息时代工序质量控制的必然趋势。

考虑到工序质量控制的细节复杂性和动态复杂性，本文采用系统动力学方法，对工序质量控制的影响因素构建流量图，进行仿真模拟。具体以钢筋工程为例，分析了在工序施工过程中影响钢筋工程质量的主要因素。仿真结果表明目前的工序质量控制过程中的质检纰漏、施工水平缺乏和施工疲劳是导致产品质量问题的主要原因。为了减少质检纰漏，弥补传统施工质量取证方法的不足，本文提出了一种CPP（Component-Process-Participant）结构数据模型。这个结构数据模型通过建立建筑构件、施工工序和施工检验人员三者之间的联系来规范工序质量取证的流程，从而减少质检漏洞。

基于CPP结构数据模型，本文设计了标准化的质量取证流程，并运用计算机技术、BIM技术和图像采集技术搭建了一个质量取证信息系统——E旁站。“E旁站”可以克服质监纰漏，实现可视化的质量管理、工序质量检测的动态更新和工序质量的自动评价。最后通过案例验证了“E旁站”的实用性。这种方法可以提高施工人员的质量意识，增强质量数据的可信度和追溯性，有利于更真实全面的完成工程质量检验。

关键词：施工质量；系统动力学；质量取证；信息系统

Abstract

Process quality control, as the main means of quality control, plays an important role in ensuring construction quality. Thus, standard ways of obtaining reliable quality evidences is the key to accurately evaluate the construction process quality. With the development of IT andBIM technology,information integration and intelligent inspectionhas become a feature of construction quality inspection.Thus, it is an inexorable trendof process quality control in information era that an intelligent quality control system,which monitors abnormal fluctuations of process quality by data-mining,should be established.

Considering thedetailand dynamic complexity of process quality control, the system dynamics methodwas usedto buildthefactor-affected flow chartand simulate theprocessofquality control. Taking steel bar engineeringas an example,main factors affecting the quality of steel barengineeringin construction wereanalyzed.Simulationresults showedthatundiscoverederrors,workability andworkfatiguewerethe main factors leading to qualityproblemsincurrentprocess qualitycontrol. In order to reduce them and improve supervision level,theCPP (Component-Process-Participant) structural data modelwas proposedto standardize the process of obtaining evidence in quality inspectionby establishing the link between the building component, the construction process and the inspectionparticipant.

Based on CPP data model,the standardquality forensics processwasdesign.And with that, a quality forensic information system -- E sitewasdeveloped based on IT, BIM and image acquisition technology.In ‘E site’,thevisualization of quality management,andthe dynamic update and automatic evaluation of process quality inspectionwererealized.In the end, the practicabilityof the ‘E site’ wasverified by casestudy.In sum,this methodcouldarouse the quality consciousness of construction workers, enhance the reliability and traceability of quality data, strengthen supervision power,which contributeto atruer andmore comprehensive construction quality inspection.

Keywords:construction quality dynamic system evidence obtaining information