摘要

现代工程项目参与单位多、项目地点分散、建设周期长等特点，使得在项目建设过程中，管理者对管理信息的获取和分析存在诸多困难。对于项目管理者而言，文字信息的表达障碍和阅读遗漏问题常常导致建设过程中信息的可理解性下降，难以清晰地表达工程实际情况以及各种复杂信息的动态变化。然而，随着信息可视化技术的出现，枯燥乏味的数据能够变成简明直观的图形、图像，帮助管理者从各个抽象数据集中迅速提取出有价值的项目管理信息，探寻不同数据集之间的联系。因此，信息可视化技术在工程项目管理中的应用为管理者快速获取项目管理信息提供了有效途径，同时对项目管理信息的初步分析能够辅助管理者决策从而提高项目管理效率。

本文基于管理者视角，对工程项目管理信息可视化进行研究。首先，通过文献梳理指出了信息可视化技术在工程领域的应用鲜有针对工程项目文本信息可视化的研究。其次，结合管理者对项目管理信息的需求，设计了工程项目管理信息可视化的结构及映射关系。最后，通过TF-IDF算法自动提取工程文本中的项目管理状态信息并设计标签云算法实现其可视化展示，同时，通过管理效率评价获取项目管理效率信息并设计可视化结构将其表达。

通过研究表明，项目管理信息可视化可以方便项目管理者快速获取项目关键信息，同时，将原本隐含的信息显化，充分挖掘项目管理信息的价值，辅助管理者更好地了解项目情况，为项目管理决策提供支持。信息可视化在工程领域的应用冲破了传统的项目信息传递方式的壁垒，有效地提升了管理者在获取信息和决策的效率，为建筑业更好更快发展提供新思路。

关键词：工程项目管理信息；管理效率信息；可视化；TF-IDF算法；信息提取

Abstract

Characteristics such as numerous participation units, scattered project location and long construction period in modern engineering projects make it difficult to obtain and analyze the management information during the project construction process. For project managers, lacking in accuracy of text information and reading omission often lead to a decrease in the comprehensibility of the construction information, and it is difficult to express the actual situation of the project and the dynamic changes of various complex information. However, with the advent of information visualization technology, boring data can be transferred into intuitive graphics and images to help managers quickly extract valuable project management information and explore the relationship from the abstract data sets. Hence, the application of information visualization technology in project management provides an effective way for managers to quickly obtain project management information, and the preliminary analysis of project management information can help managers improve the project management efficiency.

Based on the manager's perspective, this paper studies the visualization of engineering project management information. First of all, previous literature rarely aimed at the research of text information visualization in the application of information visualization technology in Engineering. Second, this study designs the structure and mapping relationship of project management information visualization concerning the manager's demand for project management information.To this end, the TF-IDF algorithm is used to automatically extract the project management status information in the project text and the tag cloud algorithm is applied to realize its visualization. Also, the information of project management efficiency is obtained through the management efficiency evaluation and expressed with the design of visual structure.

The present study finds that the project management information visualization can facilitate the project manager to quickly obtain the key information.Also, manifesting the original implied information and fully taping the value of project management information can assist managers to better understand the project situation and provide decision support. The application of information visualization in engineering can break through the barriers of traditional project information transmission, effectively promote the efficiency of obtaining information and decision-making, and provide new ideas for the development of the construction industry.

Key Words:EngineeringProject Management Information; Management Efficiency Information; Visualization;TF-IDF Algorithm; Information Extraction