地下结构逆作法施工风险的研究及评价

葛腾一

摘 要

随着城市化进程的深入和推进，逆作法施工技术作为一种新兴的地下结构施工技术，被广泛运用于地下结构施工当中，并带来了可观的社会效益和经济效益。但是鉴于逆作法自身的施工特性，逆作法在实际运用过程中存在着诸多的风险隐患。因此，开展对逆作法施工风险系统的研究，具有一定的现实意义。

本文以地下结构逆作法的主要施工风险为研究对象，首先对逆作法施工技术开展综述，阐释了其原理、特点及关键技术；其次对逆作法施工技术研究现状及地下结构风险管理研究现状进行文献综述；接着，分析了地下结构施工的特点，界定了逆作法施工风险的内涵；再接着，提炼出逆作法的 8 类主要施工风险；然后，基于三种演化思路，对 8 类主要的施工风险一般演化规律进行分析及演示，明确了时空变化规律；最后，运用风险辨识及评价理论，使用基于 WBS-RBS 和故障树组合的风险识别方法对逆作法 8 类主要施工风险进行识别，明确了各类风险发生的主要原由，同时探究了突变级数法在评价逆作法主要施工风险中的应用，并引入实例进行运用分析。

关键词：地下结构 逆作法 施工风险 演变规律 风险辨识 风险评价

Abstract

Along with the deepening of the urbanization process, as a new construction technology of underground, top-down construction method is widely applied in construction of underground construction, and has brought considerable economic social and benefits. Because of the construction characteristics of top-down construction method, here are many risks hidden in the practice. Therefore, it is of practical significance to carry out the research on the risk of top-down construction method。

This paper studies on the main construction risks of top-down construction method.: Firstly, this paper explains its principle, characteristics and key technology; secondly, reviews the research status of top-down construction method and management of underground construction risk; thirdly, based on analysis of the characteristics of underground construction, defines the connotation of the risk of top-down construction method; fourthly, extracts eight main construction risks of the risk of top-down construction method; and then, according to the three kinds of thinking, analyzes and demonstrates the general evolution rules of eight main construction risks; at last, based on the risk identification and evaluation theory, Using the risk recognition method based on wbs-rbs and the fault tree analysis to identify the eight main construction risks, explains the primary reason; studies the application of catastrophe progression in evaluation of construction risks, and introduces an example for application.

Keywords: underground construction, top-down construction method, construction risk, evolution rule, risk identification, risk assessment