基于三维定位的石化工程施工不安全行为管理系统研究

黄海英

摘要

石化行业作为国民经济的支柱产业之一，同时也是一个高危行业。大型石化项目建设工程规模庞大、施工工期长、施工工艺复杂、施工系统繁杂、施工条件要求高，容易引发安全事故。当前石化工程项目施工安全管理的方法和技术手段还是通过传统的建设单位进行安全管理，监理单位在现场进行安全监督的方式来进行施工过程中安全风险的管理。采用该种管理方式进行管理时人力资源需求量大，且管理效果受管理人员和监理人员的主观能动性较大，不能客观全面地对施工现场的安全形势进行管控，不能有效地预防石化工程施工现场安全事故的发生。因此，本文提出了一种基于三维定位的石化工程施工不安全行为管理系统，使施工现场的安全管理工作信息化、智能化，减少施工管理人员工作量的同时，能够客观全面地对施工现场的不安全行为进行管理，预防事故的发生，能有效利用信息化的技术手段来降低施工现场安全事故发生的概率。

为了减少石化工程施工过程中安全事故的发生，本文提出了基于三维定位技术的石化工程施工不安全行为管理系统。该系统将BIM技术和实时定位技术进行结合，利用BIM技术对施工现场建设环境进行仿真建模，构建出施工现场的BIM三维建筑模型；然后通过实时定位技术实时收集施工现场施工人员和机械设备的位置信息和工种等属性信息，并将这些信息集成到三维建筑模型中，判断施工人员是否进入危险区域或不具备相关要求而进入特殊作业空间，从而实现实时管控施工人员不安全行为的目的。并通过具体的石化工程项目案例研究，详细介绍了该石化工程施工不安全行为管理系统的应用情况，同时对该系统在石化工程项目实际施工过程中的安全管控情况进行评价分析，说明其应用可行性。

本文将BIM和实时定位技术应用于石化工程施工现场的安全管控，提高了项目信息化管理水平，能有效降低石化工程施工安全事故发生的概率，为减少石化工程施工中的不安全行为提供了新的研究方向和技术支撑方法。

关键词：石化工程施工；不安全行为管理系统；BIM技术；实时定位技术；蓝牙+相控阵雷达

Abstract

Petrochemical industry, which is one of the pillars of national economy, is a high-risk industry. The construction of large-scale petrochemical projects often involves long construction periods, complicated construction processes, and high requirements for construction conditions, which often leads to safety accidents. Currently, the construction safety management of petrochemical engineering projects is still rely on traditional management approaches of construction unit. Informational methods are rarely used to effectively reduce the probability of safety accidents.

In order to reduce the safety accidents during the construction of petrochemical projects, an unsafe behavior control system based on the combination of BIM technology and real-time location technology is introduced in this paper. Combining BIM with real-time positioning technology, this system realizes the simulation modeling of the construction site environment and can builds a three-dimensional virtual model of the actual construction site. Then, real-time location technology is used to collect location information and determine whether construction workers enter hazardous areas or special operating space without relevant requirements. Ultimately, this system achieves the purpose of controlling the unsafe behavior of construction workers in real time. This paper uses a case of petrochemical engineering project to describe the unsafe behavior control system of the petrochemical engineering construction in detail. And the application of the system in the actual construction process is analyzed and evaluated to fully prove its feasibility.

This paper applies BIM and real-time positioning technology to petrochemical engineering safety control, which will help to reduce safety accidents in petrochemical engineering construction. This technology provides new research directions and technical support methods for reducing unsafe behavior in petrochemical engineering construction.

Keywords: Petrochemical engineering construction; Unsafe behavior control system; BIM; Real-time positioning technology; Bluetooth + phased array radar.