基于BIM的盾构法地铁隧道工程地质风险识别研究
吴鑫
摘 要
中国有史以来都是一个人口大国,随着科学技术的进步和生产力水平的提高,中国人口数量也在不断提高,其中城镇人口比重不断上升,人口城市化的趋势十分明显。与此同时,城市公共交通建设也在持续加快速度,大规模的城市地面交通建设导致道路容量严重不足。然而地铁作为在地下运行的城市轨道交通之一,能够有效缓解地面交通问题。目前中国有三十多个大中型城市已将地铁建设作为解决城市交通问题的主要方式,其中盾构法地铁建设由于地下环境的复杂,施工影响因素较多,地铁隧道建设过程中存在着大量的风险问题,对这些风险进行识别已成为地铁建设人员关注的内容,然而由于工程地质因素的复杂,工程地质风险作为地下交通建设中的特殊风险,往往采用传统的风险识别方法进行工程地质风险识别。对于如何借助信息化的工具,对盾构法地铁隧道建设中的工程地质风险进行识别,较少受到关注。
本文首先介绍地铁隧道的三维地质建模方法,研究采用点钻法将地铁隧道的地质空间情况和信息化工具BIM技术相结合,借助于岩勘报告等资料和工程各参与方包括领域专家的经验知识,分析地铁隧道的工程地质情况,将BIM技术应用于地铁隧道的三维地质空间建模上。
然后,基于IFC标准的应用情况、扩展方式和表达方法,对地铁隧道的三维地质空间BIM模型进行参数信息扩展。在定义了三维地质空间模型中的各地质元素后,分析地铁隧道的岩土物理力学指标、水文地质情况、不良地质情况,将工程地质的相关参数通过IFC标准进行属性扩展,形成结构化数据,实现三维地质空间BIM模型和工程地质参数的集成,为地铁隧道工程地质风险识别打下基础。
最后,建立工程地质参数与工程地质风险因素的映射关系,根据风险识别的规则库和推理机制,采用扩展产生式的规则表示方法、基于不确定性推理机制,结合领域专家的经验判断进行工程地质风险因素的识别和推理,得到工程地质风险识别结果。并以某城市地铁的越江段隧道为例,介绍了工程地质风险识别的过程,并得出工程地质风险识别结果。
关键词:三维地质空间;BIM;IFC标准;风险识别
Abstract
China has always been a populous country. With the improvement of science and technology and the improvement of productivity, the population of China is also constantly increasing. The proportion of urban population is on the rise, and the trend of population urbanization is obvious. At the same time, urban public transport construction is also continuing to speed up the construction of large-scale urban ground transport leading to a serious shortage of road capacity, increasing traffic congestion. In view of the status quo of urban public transport, in recent years, many large and medium-sized cities are devoted to the development of urban rail transit. Among them, the subway, as one of the urban rail transit systems operating underground, can effectively alleviate the traffic problem on the ground. At present, there are more than 30 large and medium-sized cities in China that have taken subway construction as the main way to solve urban traffic problems. The construction of the MTRC refers to the underground tunneling using a subway shield machine. While maintaining the stability of the excavation face.The tunnel excavation and lining work safely. In the process of shield tunneling, due to the complex underground environment and many factors affecting the construction, there are a large number of risk problems in the subway tunnel construction. Identifying these risks has become a concern of subway construction personnel. However, As a special risk in underground traffic construction, engineering geological risk is often identified by traditional risk identification methods. How to identify the engineering geological risk in the construction of shield tunneling subway tunnel is less concerned about how to use information technology tools.
This paper first introduces the 3D geological modeling method of metro tunnel, studies the geological space situation of metro tunnel by the spot drilling method and information technology tool BIM technology, analyzes the engineering geological conditions of metro tunnel with the help of rock survey data and domain expert knowledge , the technology is applied to the 3D geological modeling of metro tunnels.
Then, based on the IFC standard application, extension methods and expressions, the 3D geological BIM model of subway tunnel is extended. After defining the geologic elements in the 3D geological space model,this paper analyzes the geotechnical physical and mechanical indexes, hydrogeological conditions, bad geology in metro tunnels, expands the related parameters of engineering geology through attributes of IFC standard, forms structured data and realizes three-dimensional geological BIM model and engineering.The integration of geological parameters will lay a foundation for the identification of subway geological hazards.
Finally, the mapping relationship between engineering geological parameters and engineering geological risk factors is established. According to the rule base and reasoning mechanism of risk identification, the rule representation of extended production method is adopted.Based on uncertainty reasoning mechanism, the engineering geological risk factors identification and reasoning, judging from the experience of experts in the field,leading to engineering geological risk identification results. Taking the cross - section tunnel of a city subway as an example, this paper introduces the process of engineering geological risk identification and obtains the identification result of engineering geological risk.
Keywords: Three-dimensional geological space,BIM,IFC standard,Risk Identification