基于IFC和本体的建筑施工图合规性审查研究

甘晨

摘  要

建筑施工图设计文件（简称建筑施工图）是建筑设计阶段产生的主要文件之一，对指导建筑施工、保障建筑质量有着重要作用。为控制施工图的质量、加强对建设工程设计的监督管理，我国实行施工图审查制度。然而，在我国建筑业持续迅猛发展的大背景下，建筑施工图人工审查存在着规范条文漏审和错审的问题。

本文考虑到BIM（Building Information Modeling）在我国建筑业的应用趋势，研究基于IFC（Industry Foundation Classes）和本体的建筑施工图合规性审查。本研究可以用于辅助当前的建筑施工图人工审查，减轻审查人员的工作负担，提高审查工作效率，并在一定程度上避免审查工作中出现建筑设计规范条文漏审和错审的情况。

首先，本文利用本体在知识表达和语义集成等方面的优势，提出了一种基于本体的建筑设计规范知识建模方法。通过分析建筑设计规范开发了建筑设计规范本体，实现建筑设计规范知识的语义表达。其次，本文基于上述建筑设计规范本体，通过文本处理和类型判断的方式提取了建筑设计规范文本中的特定类型的建筑设计规范知识，并采用对应关系和人工完善的方式构建了SPARQL（SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language）审查规则。再次，本文通过研究IFC标准的建筑信息描述机制，设计了建筑施工图审查信息的抽取算法，并通过IFC-ontology转换和本体映射的方法创建了建筑施工图审查信息的建筑设计规范本体实例。最后，本文开发了施工图合规性审查的原型系统并通过实例证明了建筑施工图合规性审查方法的可行性。

关键词：建筑施工图；合规性审查；建筑设计规范；知识建模；本体；IFC

Abstract

Design drawings of architecture are the main files produced during the architectural design phase and play an important role in the construction guidance and building quality. To control the quality of design drawings and strengthen the supervision and management of construction project design, China has implemented a design drawing checking system. However, against the background of the continuous and rapid development of Chinese construction industry, there are some problems in the manual code compliance checking for design drawings of architecture, such as inadvertent and erroneous checking.

This thesis considers the application trend of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in Chinese construction industry and then studies the code compliance checking for design drawings of architecture based on IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) and ontology. This study can be used to assist in the current manual code compliance checking for design drawings of architecture, reduce the workload of the reviewers, improve the efficiency of the checking work and avoid the appearance of the omissions and errors in the checking work to a certain extent.

Firstly, this thesis has proposed an ontology-based architectural design specification knowledge modeling method based on advantages of ontology in terms of knowledge representation and semantic integration. Through the analysis of architectural design specifications, the architectural design specification ontology has been developed to realize the semantic expression of architectural design specification knowledge. Secondly, based on the architectural design specification ontology, this thesis has extracted the specific types of architectural design specification knowledge from the architectural design specification files through text processing and type judgment. The extracted specification knowledge can be used to construct SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) checking rules based on correspondence relation and manual improvement. Thirdly, this thesis has studied the description mechanism of building information in the IFC standard and then designed the extraction algorithm for the checking information in design drawings of architecture. The checking information has been established to the instances of the architectural design specification ontology by means of IFC-ontology transformation and ontology mapping. Finally, this thesis has developed a prototype system of code compliance checking for design drawings of architecture and then used an example to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

Keywords: Design drawings of architecture; Code compliance checking; Architectural design specification; Knowledge modeling; Ontology; IFC