地铁车站土建工程施工过程质量管控研究

沈荣

摘  要

随着城镇化建设的进行，其交通拥堵现状愈加严峻，于是很多城市都开始修建地铁。然而，在地铁建设蓬勃发展的同时，其工程质量管控问题也层出不穷，尤其是质量资料混乱、质量管控流程低效且形式化、质量评价主观等问题。随着各种新理论和新技术的普及，工程质量管理领域也逐渐面向信息化和集成化管理，这也使得创新质量管控体系、提高质量管控效能成为可能。地铁工程质量管控体系的实施，将优化现有的质量管控模式，同时在响应政府质量提升行动号召方面具有重要作用和产生深远影响。

本文为解决过程质量管控资料管理混乱、过程质量管控流程难以保证、过程质量评价偏于主观化等问题，首先，进行过程质量管控理论和应用知识学习。然后，在分析建立过程质量管控体系必要性的基础上，从工程质量管控三要素（质量控制点、组织和流程）和内在逻辑出发，构建出过程质量管控体系，主要包括过程质量资料管控模块、过程质量流程管控模块、过程质量评价模块和电子旁站质量管控系统，并详细介绍过程质量管控体系内容。接下来，以地铁车站土建工程为应用背景，详细介绍如何实施地铁车站土建工程施工过程质量管控体系，其内容有：（1）进行地铁车站土建工程施工过程质量资料管控，包括制定过程质量资料模板和结构化过程质量资料模板，此部分是整个体系的基础；（2）进行地铁车站土建工程施工过程质量流程管控，包括设计地铁车站土建工程施工过程质量流程、选择开发工具和分配权限来执行过程质量流程、对流程进行检查并优化来确保流程管控目标的实现，此部分为整个体系最核心部分；（3）进行地铁车站土建工程施工过程质量评价管控，包括建立质量评价指标，并从评价指数的选定、评价指标计算模型的确定、过程质量评价指标的计算、地铁车站土建工程施工过程能力指数计算模型的确定、施工过程质量检验效果评价和改进等方面来实施过程质量评价，此部分为整个体系辅助部分。最后，还以某地铁车站为例，展示地铁车站土建工程施工过程质量管控体系在电子旁站质量管控系统中的应用效果，证明了地铁车站土建工程施工过程质量管控体系的适用性和可行性。

关键词：地铁工程；过程质量管控；流程管理；过程能力指数

Abstract

With the acceleration of urbanization, the status quo of urban traffic congestion has become more and more serious, so many cities have begun to build subways. However, while the construction of metro construction is booming, the problem of engineering quality control is also emerging. In particular, there are problems such as confusion of quality data, inefficiency and formalization of quality control procedures, and subjective quality assessment. With the popularization of various new theories and new technologies, the field of engineering quality management is gradually oriented toward informationization and integrated management, which also makes it possible to innovate quality control systems and improve quality control effectiveness. The implementation of the metro project quality control system will optimize the existing quality control model, and at the same time play an important role and have a profound impact on responding to the government's quality improvement action call.

In this paper, to solve the problems of process quality management, such as, process quality data is orderless, process quality procedure is difficult to guarantee, and process quality evaluation is too subjective. First of all, it learns the engineering process quality control theory and applied knowledge. Then, on the basis of analyzing the necessity of establishing a process quality control system, and starting from the three elements of quality control (quality control points, organization and procedure) and its internal logic, a framework for process quality control system is constructed, which mainly includes the process quality data management and control module, process quality procedure management and control module, process quality evaluation module and electronic supervision management system, and details the framework of process quality control system framework. Next, taking metro station project as its application background, it will introduce in detail how to implement the process quality control system for metro construction. The contents include:

(1) process quality data control of metro construction, including the establishment of quality table templates and the structuring of metro station project. This part is the basis of the entire system;

(2) process quality procedure management and control of metro construction, including designing metro station construction process quality process, selecting development tools and assigning authority to execute process quality processes, and checking and optimizing processes to ensure the realization of process quality control objectives. This section is the core part of the entire system;

(3) process quality evaluation of metro construction, including establishment of quality evaluation indicators, and selection of evaluation index, determination of evaluation index calculation model, calculation of process quality evaluation index, determination of the subway station capability index calculation model, the construction process quality inspection effect evaluation and improvement and other aspects to implement the process quality evaluation, this part is the auxiliary part of the entire system. Finally, taking a metro station as an example, the application effect of the process quality management and control system of metro station project in the electronic supervision management system is demonstrated, and the applicability and feasibility of process quality management and control system of the subway station project is proved.

Keywords: metro; process quality management and control; process management; process capability index