地铁施工不安全行为的情绪作用

机理与实证研究

覃文波

摘要

我国目前正处于地铁工程建设高速发展的时期，各大城市的地铁工程建设速度和规模都是前所未有的，地铁建设取得成就的同时也伴随着大量安全事故的发生，并且事故数量逐年升高。地铁施工工人的不安全行为是事故发生的最主要因素，而地铁施工工人不安全行为的背后又隐藏有众多的影响因素。在地铁施工不安全行为影响因素的研究中，不少研究结论都指出情绪对于工人不安全行为有着重要的影响，但情绪与不安全行为关系的研究并没有引起足够的关注。因此，分析地铁施工不安全行为的情绪作用机理，有助于地铁工程参建单位提高对工人不安全行为的管控水平和效果，减少地铁施工安全事故的发生，保障地铁建设者的生命安全。

  在情绪和不安全行为相关理论的基础之上，本文分析了不安全行为与情绪的类型，即时情绪和预期情绪这两类对地铁施工不安全行为的作用，以及两类情绪的影响因素。从预期情绪和即时情绪两类情绪作用路径构建了地铁施工不安全行为的情绪作用模型，并采用结构方程模型对不安全行为的情绪作用进行了静态的实证分析，对预期情绪和即时情绪的作用效果进行了比较，并就负面即时情绪的影响因素进行了实证分析。然后基于负面即时情绪的影响因素，采用系统动力学方法构建了负面即时情绪诱发不安全行为系统模型，仿真分析负面即时情绪影响因素作用下不安全行为的动态的演化规律。最后，通过视频监控系统、声级计和负面即时情绪量表组成的数据采集平台对某地铁车站施工的不安全行为水平、工地噪声和工人负面即时情绪水平数据进行收集和处理分析，验证了在实际施工过程中工地噪声对于地铁施工不安全行为的影响。

基于本文的研究过程得到的主要结论有：地铁施工不安全行为的情绪作用中，即时情绪主要表现为负面即时情绪，对不安全行为产生诱发作用，而预期情绪对不安全行为产生反馈调节作用，负面即时情绪对不安全行为的诱发作用相较于预期情绪对不安全行为的反馈调节作用更加强烈和显著。此外，工地噪声对负面即时情绪和不安全行为都是极为重要的影响因素，在地铁工程施工安全管理中需要加强对工地噪声的管控措施。

关键词：地铁工程；不安全行为；负面即时情绪；预期情绪；结构方程模型；系统动力学

Abstract

At present, our country is in the period of rapid development of metro construction. The speed and scale of metro construction in major cities are unprecedented. The achievements of metro construction are accompanied by a large number of safety accidents, and the number of accidents is increasing year by year. Unsafe behavior of metro construction workers is the most important factor in the accident, and there are many factors behind the unsafe behavior of metro construction workers. In the study of influencing factors of unsafe behavior in metro construction, many conclusions point out that emotion have an important impact on workers' unsafe behavior, but the study on the relationship between emotion and unsafe behavior has not attracted enough attention. Therefore, from the emotion point of view, analyzing the emotional action paths of unsafe behaviors in metro construction, identifying the influencing factors of workers' emotions and studying the evolution laws of unsafe behaviors in metro construction under the influence of emotions are helpful to improve the performance of workers 'unsafe behavior management.

On the basis of literature analysis, the effect of emotion on the unsafe behaviors of metro construction workers was analyzed in this paper, and the affecting factors of emotion were also discussed. A model of emotional factors of unsafe behavior in metro construction from two emotional action paths of anticipated emotion and incidental emotion was constructed, the effect of anticipated emotion and incidental emotion was compared by using structural equation model. And the influencing factors of negative incidental emotion are empirically analyzed. Then, based on the influencing factors of negative incidental emotion, the evolution model of unsafe behavior induced by negative incidental emotions is constructed by using system dynamics method, and the evolution process of unsafe behavior under the influence of negative immediate emotional factors is analyzed. Finally, through the data acquisition platform composed of video surveillance system, sound level meter and negative incidental mood scale, the data of unsafe behavior level, site noise and workers' negative incidental mood level in a metro station are collected and processed, which verifies the influence of site noise on unsafe behavior in the actual construction process.

The main conclusions based on the research process of this paper are as follows: the main type of emotional effect on unsafe behaviors in metro construction is negative incidental emotion. The negative incidental emotion has stronger and more significant effects on unsafe behaviors than the feedback and regulation of anticipated emotion. The noise of construction site is a very important factors for both negative immediate emotion and unsafe behavior. In the safety management of metro construction, it is necessary to strengthen the noise control measures.

Key Words：Metro Constrction; Unsafe Behavior; Negative Immediate Emotion; Expected Emotion; Structural Equation Model; System Dynamics