装配式建筑施工场地布置方案研究

徐炽乾

摘要

在提倡工业化建造方式的今天，装配式建筑得到越来越多的推广。而对于工程项目而言，施工场地是项目重要产地，施工场地的布置关乎到项目施工能否顺利开展。我国目前在装配式建筑施工场地布置领域的研究较为缺乏，因此，需要一种科学合理的系统布置方法以满足装配式建筑施工现场的实际需求。

本文首先说明了装配式建筑的优势及发展意义，详解介绍了不同类型预制构件的吊装工艺及控制要点，阐述了一般施工场地布置的依据和内容，并针对装配式建筑提出施工场地布置要求。其次，分析了装配式建筑场地布置设施间的关系，从运输成本和安全风险两个维度去量化设施间关系，通过现场监测和调查问卷获得设施间各项指标的关系值，最后按照比例权重得到各设施间的综合相互关系值。再者，将装配式建筑施工场地和设施简化为栅格系统模型，制定施工现场布置约束条件，以前面的相互关系值为目标函数对设施位置进行选择，运用多阶段决策的思想分步骤求解设施布置的最佳位置，得到最终的装配式建筑布置优化方案。最后以具体工程案例做实证分析，以本文方法对工程案例优化，对比分析装配式建筑原场地布置方案和本文优化后的布置方案，验证方法的可行性。

本文针对装配式建筑的特点，兼顾了运输成本和安全风险两方面影响因素，综合分析了建筑物和设施间的内在联系，以内在联系去合理安置设施位置，使装配式建筑施工场地的布置更加科学合理，对装配式建筑施工场地布置提供了可借鉴的方法。

关键词：装配式建筑；施工场地布置；运输成本；安全风险；多阶段决策

Abstract

Today, when industrialized construction methods are promoted, prefabricated buildings are increasingly popularized. For engineering projects, the construction site is an important place of origin of the project, and the layout of the construction site is related to whether the project construction can be carried out smoothly. my country currently lacks research in the field of prefabricated construction site layout. Therefore, a scientific and reasonable system layout method is needed to meet the actual needs of prefabricated construction sites.

This article first explains the advantages and development significance of prefabricated buildings, explains in detail the lifting techniques and control points of different types of prefabricated components, expounds the basis and content of general construction site layout, and proposes construction site layout requirements for prefabricated buildings. Secondly, the relationship between the facilities of the prefabricated building site is analyzed, and the relationship between the facilities is quantified from the two dimensions of transportation cost and safety risk. The relationship between the various indicators of the facility is obtained through on-site monitoring and questionnaires, and finally obtained according to the proportional weight the comprehensive interrelationship value between each facility. Furthermore, simplify the construction site and facilities of the prefabricated building into a grid system model, formulate the constraints of the construction site layout, select the location of the facility based on the previous correlation value as the objective function, and solve the facility step by step using the idea of multi-stage decision-making The optimal location of the layout, to get the final assembly building layout optimization plan. Finally, empirical analysis is carried out with specific engineering cases, and the engineering cases are optimized with the method of this article. The original site layout plan of prefabricated buildings and the optimized layout plan of this paper are compared and analyzed to verify the feasibility of the method.

This article focuses on the characteristics of prefabricated buildings, taking into account both transportation costs and safety risks, and comprehensively analyzes the internal connections between buildings and facilities. The internal connections are used to rationally locate the facilities and make the layout of prefabricated construction sites more scientific and reasonable, it provides a reference method for the construction site layout of prefabricated buildings.

Keywords: Prefabricated Buildings, Construction Site Layout, Transportation Costs, Safety Risks, Multi-stage Decision-making