城市绿色建筑发展能力研究

李莹丽

摘 要

我国是建筑能源消耗大国，随着新型城镇化发展速度的不断提升，推动城市绿色建筑发展成为当今实现绿色发展的必由之路。但是由于我国城市绿色建筑发展经验不足，参与主体缺乏积极性，地区发展不平衡，因此有必要探究我国不同城市绿色建筑发展能力水平状况，以求更好的引导城市绿色建筑健康发展。

首先本文针对绿色建筑涵义和相关政策体系以及发展现状进行了总结和阐述。基于对我国目前绿色建筑发展存在的问题的分析，结合国外发展建设经验，提出研究城市绿色建筑发展能力的重要性。运用行动者网络理论构建绿色建筑发展网络模型，从发展主体角度剖析绿色建筑发展，总结出影响城市绿色建筑发展能力的四大主要因素：政府、开发建设单位、消费者和技术研发机构。在此基础上构建城市绿色建筑发展能力评价体系，利用熵权法进行指标权重分配，采用TOPSIS法对10个重点城市进行评价分析。在总结各城市绿色建筑发展能力优劣势的基础上，对提高城市绿色建筑发展能力提出对策建议。

研究结果表明，总体水平上，10个城市中北京和南京市绿色建筑发展能力较好，基于发展协调角度，南京、上海、广州分项发展能力较为均衡，其他城市存在不同维度的发展缺陷，其中技术研发机构推动能力是绝大部分城市的短板。可以通过进一步完善政策规划设计，加大技术的研发投入，强化对企业的利益刺激，加强推广力度，以推进城市绿色建筑的健康发展。

关键词：城市绿色建筑发展；能力评价；行动者网络；熵权法；逼近理想解排序法

Abstract

China is a major country in building energy consumption. With the development of new urbanization, it is necessary to promote the development of urban green buildings. However, because of the lack of experience in the development of urban green buildings in our country, the lack of enthusiasm of the participants and the unbalanced regional development, it is necessary to Research on the Development Capacity of Urban Green Building, which is of great significance to promote the healthy development of green buildings in cities.

First of all, this thesis describes the meaning of green building, and summarizes the relevant policy system and development status quo. Based on the analysis of the existing problems in the development of green buildings in our country, and in combination with the development experience of foreign green buildings, this thesis emphasizes the importance of studying the development ability of urban green buildings. Secondly, this thesis builds a green building development network model by using actor network theory to analyze the internal promotion mechanism of green building development, and summarizes the four major factors that affect the development capacity of urban green buildings: government, development and construction units, consumers, technical research and development institutions. On this basis, an evaluation system of urban green building development capacity is constructed, and entropy weight method is used to allocate index weights，and TOPSIS method is used to evaluate and analyze 10 key cities. Based on the summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of each city's green building development ability, some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to improve the city's green building development ability.

The results show that Beijing and Nanjing have good green building development capabilities among the 10 cities. Based on the perspective of development coordination, Nanjing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have relatively balanced sub-item development capabilities. Other cities have development defects in different dimensions. Among them, the promotion capability of technology research and development institutions is the short board of most cities. The healthy development of green buildings in cities can be promoted by further improving policy planning and design, increasing investment in technology research and development, strengthening the stimulation of enterprises' interests, and strengthening the promotion efforts.

Key words: Development of urban green buildings, Ability evaluation, Actor network, Entropy weight method, Topsis