装配式建筑质量影响因素分析与管理对策研究

沈钧

摘要

得益于国家政策实施，特别是城镇化战略和供给侧改革的推进，建筑行业面临转型升级，装配式建筑的发展提高到了前所未有的高度。然而装配式建筑在发展的过程中也出现一些问题，其中质量问题就是比较突出的一个问题。装配式建筑质量问题的出现通常不是单个因素造成的，因此，在识别出这些影响因素前提下，进一步弄清楚影响因素之间的作用机理对质量问题改进具有重要意义。

本文首先基于研究现状的整理，并对装配式建筑质量管理的内涵、分类、特点、质量管理现状进行了分析总结。其次在实地调研和文献分析的基础上，总结了影响装配式建筑质量的影响因素，在此基础上通过调查问卷以及因子分析的方法得到主要影响因素清单，然后利用ISM模型理清了主要影响因素之间的传递关系，构建了递阶结构图。研究表明政府参与对其他因素影响较大是深层次的影响因素，而构件质量问题受其他因素影响较大是表层影响因素。最后基于因子分析和解释结构模型的研究，提出了质量管理对策建议。

研究得出，提升装配式建筑建造质量应从人才培养、质量管理制度、质量管理改进、质量技术四个方面重点突破。首先应建立人才培养机制，为装配式建筑发展提供人才资源保障。其次应完善相关质量管理制度，做好顶层设计工作。针对各参建主体管理难点，提出质量管理改进策略。最后，为解决技术难题，应加快质量技术研发。

关键词：装配式建筑；质量影响因素；因子分析法；解释结构模型；质量管理

Abstract

Thanks to the implementation of national policies, especially the promotion of urbanization strategy and supply-side reform, the construction industry is facing transformation and upgrading, and the development of prefabricated buildings has reached an unprecedented height.

The prefabricated building also has some problems in the process of development, among which the quality problem is a prominent one. Quality problems in prefabricated buildings are usually not caused by a single factor. Therefore, on the premise of identifying these influencing factors, it is of great significance to further clarify the mechanism of the influencing factors for the improvement of quality problems.

First, based on the research status of sorting, and summarize the prefabricated building quality management connotation, classification, characteristics, quality management status.

Secondly, on the basis of field research and literature analysis, the factors affecting the quality of prefabricated buildings are summarized. On this basis, the list of main factors is obtained by means of questionnaire and factor analysis.

Then, using ISM model to clarify the transfer relationship between the main influencing factors and construct a hierarchical structure diagram. The research shows that the government's participation has a great influence on other factors, which is the deep-seated influence factor, while the component quality problem is the surface influence factor which is greatly influenced by other factors.

Finally, based on the research of factor analysis and interpretive structure model, the quality management countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.

The study concludes that improving the quality of prefabricated building construction should focus on four points, which are personnel training, quality management system, quality management improvement, and quality technology.

First, a talent training mechanism should be established to guarantee the human resources for the development of prefabricated buildings.

Secondly, we should improve the related quality management system and do a good job in top-level design.

Then, according to the management difficulty of each participant, the quality management improvement strategy is put forward.

Finally, in order to solve technical problems, quality technology research and development should be accelerated.

Keywords: Prefabricated Building, Quality Influencing Factors, Factor Analysis, Interpretative Structural Model, Quality Management