核电工程质量管理信息化方案设计

尚义聪

摘 要

为实现全球节能减排的目标，建设核电站利用核能发电将成为中国能源转型的主要方向。对核电工程而言，建设阶段的工程质量影响着运营期的核安全，核电工程施工阶段质量管理对项目整体质量水平影响深远。现阶段新建核电站基本采用三代核电技术，安全技术水平要求更高，建造工艺更加复杂。在此背景下进行核电站施工阶段质量管理研究具有较大实践意义。

研究发现，采用三代核电技术的核电站在建造过程中暴露出了当前质量管理工作存在管理低效的问题。一方面，质量管理主体间缺少统一的信息化管理平台，信息交流滞后，协作管理困难；另一方面，人力监管为主的现场质量监管有效性不足，存在质量记录造假现象等。针对这些问题，结合国家能源局提出的应用物联网、区块链等信息技术加强核电建设质量管理的要求，本文提出核电工程项目应当集成应用这些技术，实现质量管理信息化的目标。运用5G和物联网技术实现质量管理信息的全面化采集与传输，基于区块链构建统一质量信息数据库进行数据的安全存储与共享。提出核电工程质量管理信息化方案，方案从施工过程质量监控及预警和工程资料档案管理两个方面进行实施。

本文提出的信息化管理方案能够简化核电工程施工单位的质量管理工作，实现各质量管理单位间的数据共享，帮助实现工程档案规范化管理。

关键词：核电工程；质量管理；质量管理信息化；过程质量管理；物联网技术；区块链

Abstract

For energy saving and emission reduction, there is no doubt that building nuclear power plants to generate electricity will become the major direction of China's energy transformation. The construction quality of nuclear power projects has a long influence on nuclear safety, so implementing high quality management of nuclear power projects construction is more efficient and economical. At this stage, new nuclear power plants basically use third-generation nuclear power technology, with higher safety technology requirements and more complex construction processes. In this context, it is of great practical significance to study the quality management of the construction phase of nuclear power plants.

It is found that the construction process of nuclear power plants with third-generation nuclear power technology reveals the inefficiency of the current quality management work. On the one hand, the lack of a unified information management platform among the quality management bodies, information exchange lags behind, and collaborative management is difficult; on the other hand, the effectiveness of human supervision-based on-site quality supervision is insufficient, and the phenomenon of falsification of quality records exists. To address these problems, combined with the requirements that proposed by the National Energy Administration, the conclusion that nuclear power engineering projects should integrate and apply these technologies to achieve the goal of quality management informatization is proposed in the paper. The paper proposes that these technologies should be integrated and applied in nuclear power projects to achieve the goal of quality management informatization. 5G and IoT technologies are used to realize comprehensive collection and transmission of quality management information, and a unified quality information database is built based on blockchain for safe storage and sharing of data. The quality management Quality management informatization scheme for nuclear power projects is proposed, which is implemented in two aspects: construction process quality monitoring and early warning and engineering data file management.

The informationalized management scheme proposed in this paper can simplify the quality management work of nuclear power engineering construction units, realize data sharing among quality management units, and help realize standardized management of engineering files.

Key words: Nuclear power engineering; quality management; quality management informatization; process quality management; Internet of Things technology; blockchain