基于虚拟现实技术的体素化建筑草图设计系统研究

曹晗

摘 要

建筑方案设计分为多个阶段，设计人员需要使用草图设计工具推敲构思，以及表达阶段性的成果。传统的草图设计工具存在缺乏空间感、实体模型不易保存、计算机辅助设计工具学习难度大等局限性。建筑草图设计阶段需要一种工具能作为传统工具的补充工具，增强设计师对环境和空间的感知，增强设计师和各参与方对方案的理解和沟通。虚拟现实技术以其沉浸性，交互性等众多特点，运用在草图设计阶段较有优势。

针对上述问题，本文分析了引入虚拟现实技术进行建筑草图设计的可行性以及使用体素表示建筑模型的优势，提出了基于虚拟现实技术的体素化建筑草图设计模型，该模型框架分为三部分：检测用户的输入、处理用户的建模输入、渲染呈现模型。在此基础上设计并且实现了该体素化建筑草图设计系统。该系统具有分层次的建模方式，具有体素、面、物体三种模式。能利用基本的物体形状进行求交，合并，求差操作，还能导入实景在原地设计、具有场景管理和操作记录的功能。最后对该系统进行了应用与评估，与另一个基于体素进行建筑概念设计的系统Maquetteer进行了对比，收集了三个建模任务的完成时间和可用性测试问卷，结果证明本文提出的系统应用效果较好。

本文将虚拟现实技术运用于建筑草图设计中，能弥补传统设计工具在学习曲线、空间感、尺度感、耗费时间和精力、对环境信息理解方面的不足，具有研究和应用价值。今后将在多用户协助设计、与三维建模软件数据传输等方面做进一步研究。

关键词： 建筑草图设计；虚拟现实技术；构造实体几何表示；体素；分层次建模范式

Abstract

The design of an architectural scheme is divided into several stages, and designers need to use sketching tools to refine their ideas and to express the results of each stage. Traditional sketching tools have limitations such as lack of spatial awareness, physical models that are not easily saved, and computer-aided design tools are difficult to learn . The architectural sketching stage requires a tool that can make up for the shortcomings of traditional tools, enhancing the designer's perception of the environment and space, and enhancing the understanding and communication between the designer and the various parties involved in the scheme. Virtual Reality technology is advantageous to use in the sketching stage with its many features such as immersion and interactivity.

In order to solve above problems, this article analyses the feasibility of introducing virtual reality technology for architectural sketch design and the advantages of using voxel representation for architectural models, and proposes a voxelised architectural sketch design model based on virtual reality technology, which is divided into three parts: detecting user input, processing user modelling input, and rendering models. Then the voxel-based architectural sketch design system is designed and implemented. The system has a hierarchical modelling approach with three modes: voxel, face and object. The system is capable of intersecting, merging and differencing basic object shapes, importing environmental models to aid design, scene management and operation logging. Finally, the application and evaluation of the system were carried out comparing with another voxel-based system for architectural concept design, Maquetteer. Completion times and usability test questionnaires of three modelling tasks were collected , and the results prove that the proposed system is well applied.

In this paper, virtual reality technology is used in the design of architectural sketches with research and application value as it can compensate for the shortcomings of traditional design tools in terms of learning curve, sense of space, sense of scale, time and effort consuming and understanding of environmental information. Multi-user assisted design and data transfer with 3D modelling software in virtual environment will be further researched in the future.

Keywords: Architectural Sketch Design; Virtual Reality Technology; Constructive Solid Geometric Representation; Voxel; Hierarchical Modeling Paradigm