办公建筑绿色运维评价体系的研究与应用

胡广东

摘 要

随着能源危机、环境恶化等一系列问题日益严重，发展绿色建筑得到了我国的大力支持。虽然我国绿色建筑的存量不断增大，但其发展质量却不尽如人意，重设计而轻运维的现象仍十分突出。特别是对于办公建筑，其作为建筑能耗与碳排放的高密度领域，亟待提升绿色运维表现。因此，本研究立足于办公建筑的运维特点和需求，旨在构建一套办公建筑绿色运维评价模型以及相应的可视化平台。全文主要工作内容如下：

首先，基于中、美、英三国绿色建筑运维评价体系的对比分析，结合文献综述法、频度统计法、专家访谈法、问卷调研法，从资源利用与管理、设施维护与管理、室内与周边环境、场地弹性管理、污染管理五大维度，构建了包含35个指标项的办公建筑绿色运维评价指标体系。并通过对指标重要度的调研问卷进行描述性统计分析、信效度检验、单样本T检验，验证了该评价指标体系具有较强的可行性。

其次，基于改进结构熵权-多层次灰色理论，建立了办公建筑绿色运维评价模型。该模型可将定性评价转化为定量评价，从而得到更加客观准确的结果。同时，构建了办公建筑绿色运维评价的评分标准，使专家评分有据可依。

之后，基于办公建筑绿色运维评价模型，开发了一套办公建筑绿色运维评价可视化平台。该平台不仅提供了办公建筑绿色运维的评价窗口，还具有基于评分数据自主计算评价结果以及评价结果的可视化展示等功能，可提升办公建筑绿色运维评价工作的效率，使业主及相关运维单位更易发现存在的不足，继而形成改进决策。

最后，利用构建的办公建筑绿色运维评价可视化平台对Z项目进行评价。该项目整体评价得分为2.759分，评价等级为一般。基于评价结果，为该项目的绿色运维提升提出了针对性建议。

关键词： 办公建筑；绿色运维；评价指标体系；结构熵权法；多层次灰色理论

Abstract

With a series of problems such as energy crisis and environmental deterioration becoming more and more serious, the development of green buildings has received strong support from China. Although the stock of green buildings in China continues to increase, the quality of their development is not satisfactory, and the phenomenon of emphasizing design rather than operation is still very prominent. Especially for office buildings, which are high-density areas of building energy consumption and carbon emissions, it is urgent to improve the performance of green operation and maintenance. Therefore, based on the operation and maintenance characteristics and demands of office buildings, this research aims to construct a evaluation model for green operation and maintenance of office buildings and a corresponding visualization platform. The main contents of the full text are as follows:

Firstly, based on the comparative analysis of green building operation and maintenance evaluation systems in China, the United States and the United Kingdom, combined with the literature review method, frequency statistics method, expert interview method, and questionnaire survey method, from the five dimensions of resource utilization and management, facility maintenance and management, indoor and surrounding environment, site flexibility management, and pollution management, an evaluation index system for green operation and maintenance of office buildings with 35 index items is constructed. And through descriptive statistical analysis, reliability and validity test, and single-sample T-test on the questionnaire of the index importance, it is verified that the system has a strong feasibility.

Secondly, based on the improved structural entropy weight - multi-level grey theory, a evaluation model for green operation and maintenance of office buildings is established. The model can transform qualitative evaluation into quantitative evaluation, so as to obtain more objective and accurate results. At the same time, a scoring standard for green operation and maintenance evaluation of office buildings has been constructed, so that experts can base their scores on evidence.

After that, based on the evaluation model of green operation and maintenance of office buildings, a set of visualization platform for green operation and maintenance evaluation of office buildings was developed. The platform not only provides an evaluation window for green operation and maintenance of office buildings, but also has functions such as self-calculation of evaluation results based on scoring data and visual display of evaluation results, and it can not only improve the efficiency of green operation and maintenance evaluation of office buildings, but also make it easier for owners and related operation and maintenance units to find existing deficiencies, and facilitate decision-making for improvement.

Finally, the evaluation model of green operation and maintenance of office buildings and the visualization platform are used to evaluate the Z project. The evaluation results of the two are almost the same, which verifies the accuracy of the theoretical calculation evaluation and the applicability of the visualization platform. The overall evaluation score of the project is 2.759 points, and the evaluation level is general. Based on the evaluation results, targeted suggestions can be put forward for the green operation and maintenance of the project.

Key words: office building, green operation and maintenance, evaluation index system, structural entropy weight method, multi-level gray theory