基于区块链的建筑产业工人信息管理研究

袁馨琪

摘 要

建筑工人作为我国建筑业的中坚力量在建筑行业转型升级和社会经济持续健康发展的过程中做出了重要贡献，但与此同时相关问题也开始显现。一方面，建筑工人群体普遍存在职业素质低、作业环境恶劣、劳动时间长等突出问题。另一方面，由于建筑工人普遍存在“人随项目走”的现象，不利于对其进行规范化与集中性的管理，从而导致其工作稳定性较低、精细化程度不高、竞争性较弱。这些问题反映在信息管理过程中的具体表现是信息不对称、信息碎片化严重、信任缺失、信息交互不足、数据真实性与安全性存疑。这种现状与当前政策所呼吁的建设具有职业性、规范性等特点的建筑产业工人队伍不相匹配。

针对上述问题，本文首先剖析了建筑工人信息管理现状、建筑产业工人建设需求、相关主体权限以及建筑工人信息管理涉及的流程阶段。然后，在此基础上引入区块链，搭建了集成区块链的建筑工人信息管理框架，并提出了基于区块链与建筑工人职业阶段的信息管理路径。最后，基于前文研究提出了基于区块链的建筑工人信息管理具体实施方案，具体工作包括针对信息管理工作中的区块链用户、通道与权限管理问题，基于区块链与密码学，提出了建筑工人档案权限管理办法以及建筑工人在更换作业项目时其工人档案在施工项目之间进行调转的实现方案；针对信息存储与信息综合利用的问题，以大型建筑机械作业人员为例提出了基于智能合约的建筑工人现场作业监测与安全预警方案，实现了对建筑工人相关信息的采集、存储与高效利用。

本研究构建的基于区块链的建筑工人信息管理框架及其在建筑工人职业各阶段集成化应用方案，为提高建筑工人档案信息真实性与完整性、增强各方信任、优化建筑工人管理体系提供了保障，有利于加快建筑产业工人队伍建设，促进建筑行业的转型升级和长远发展。

关键词：建筑产业工人；信息管理；区块链；信息共享；工人档案

Abstract

Construction workers, as the backbone of China's construction industry have made prominent contributions in the process of urbanization and social development, but some related problems have also begun to emerge in this process. On the one hand, the group of construction workers generally has prominent problems such as low professional quality, poor working environment and long working hours. On the other hand, the phenomenon of "people following the project" is not conducive to the standardization and centralized management of construction workers, which leads to their low work stability, low degree of work refinement and weak competition. These problems are manifested in the process of information management by information asymmetry, serious information fragmentation, lack of trust, insufficient information interaction, doubtful data authenticity and security. This status quo does not match with the current policy of building a construction industry workforce with professional and standardized characteristics.

To solve these problems, the current situation and the requirements of construction workers' information management, the authority of relevant subjects and the process stages involved in construction workers' information management are firstly dissected in this paper. Then, on this basis, a framework of construction industry workers' information management integrated with blockchain is built, and an information management path based on blockchain and construction workers' career stages is proposed. Finally, based on the previous study, a specific application scheme of blockchain in construction industry workers' information management is proposed. For the problems of blockchain user, channel and authority management in information management work, based on blockchain and cryptography, a construction worker file authority management approach and a realization scheme of transferring the worker files between construction projects when construction workers change their operation projects are proposed; and for the problems of information storage and comprehensive utilization, taking the large construction machinery workers as an example, a smart contract-based construction workers' behavior monitoring and safety warning scheme is presented to realize the collection, storage and efficient utilization of construction workers' related information.

The proposed blockchain-based construction worker information management framework and the specific scheme of integrated application in each stage of construction workers' career in the study provide guarantees for improving the authenticity and integrity of construction workers' file information, enhancing the trust of all parties and optimizing the construction workers' management system. It is beneficial to accelerate the building of construction industry workers and promote the transformation, upgrading and long-term development of the construction industry.

Key words: Construction industry workers; Information management; Blockchain; Information sharing; Worker files