基于数字孪生的隧道钻爆施工超欠挖控制研究

方佳龙

摘 要

近年来公路隧道工程在全国范围内蓬勃发展，国家十四五规划对其发展和建设提出了更高的要求，钻爆法隧道施工中的超欠挖问题亟待解决，然而传统的全站仪等测量方法和超欠挖管理手段已难以适应当下隧道工程的精细化管控要求。因此本文基于数字孪生理论，提出了钻爆法隧道超欠挖计算与管理的数字孪生框架，构建了超欠挖计算理论模型和数字化管控平台，从而实现计算结果的可视化与分区管理的精细化，最后结合实际案例进行应用研究。具体工作如下：

（1）本文通过对传统钻爆法隧道施工管理及超欠挖计算的研究，结合数字孪生理论提出了以BIM技术为背景、以三维激光扫描技术为基础、三维激光扫描仪作为工具、隧道掌子面点云数据作为基础的整体框架；

（2）本文基于数字孪生框架，提出了一套针对钻爆隧道掌子面点云的处理流程和参数指标，并建立了超欠挖计算模型。基于数字孪生模型的三角网格特性，准确计算出了超欠挖量、截面超欠挖面积和整体超欠挖体积。在此基础上用颜色梯度图完成了超欠挖量的可视化，并基于掌子面钻爆工作区域完成了超欠挖量分区管理；

（3）本文基于该方法，建立了BIM数字孪生智能施工管控平台，并对计算结果进行了隧道模拟理想试验验证和隧道工程现场试验验证，并对实际工程数据进行了分析对比，验证了其可行性与先进性。

本文的研究实现了钻爆隧道超欠挖量高效精准的计算和管理。该方法的运用能通过减少超欠挖量的方式来增加经济效益，同时也能改进传统的施工管理，具有一定的实践参考价值。

关键词： 钻爆法隧道施工；数字孪生；三维激光扫描技术；点云模型；超欠挖

Abstract

With the vigorous development of highway tunnel projects across the country, the national 14th Five-Year Plan has put forward higher requirements for its development and construction. The impact of over-under-excavation in drilling and blasting tunnel construction on project quality, progress and safety be further magnified. However, the traditional total station measurement method has been difficult to adapt to the refinement requirements of the current tunnel engineering, and the control of manual errors also urgently needs a digital management method. Based on the digital twin theory, this paper proposes a digital twin framework for the calculation and management of over and under-excavation of drill-and-blast tunnels, and builds a calculation model for over and under-excavation. The specific work is as follows:

(1) This thesis proposed an overall framework based on the digital twin theory through the research on traditional drill-and-blast tunnel construction management and calculation of over and under excavation. BIM technology was token as the background in the framework, 3D laser scanning technology as the foundation, 3D laser scanner as the tool, and tunnel face point cloud data as the foundation;

(2) Based on the digital twin framework, a set of processing flow and parameter indicators was explored for the tunnel face point cloud of drilling and blasting, and a calculation model was established for over-under-excavation. Relying on the triangular mesh characteristics of the digital twin model, the over-under-cut amount, the cross-section over-under-cut area and the overall over-under-cut volume were accurately calculated. On this basis, the visualization of the over-under-excavation amount was completed with the color gradient map, and the over-under-excavation amount partition management was completed based on the drilling and blasting work area;

(3) Based on the model calculation results, the tunnel simulation ideal test verification and tunnel engineering field test verification were carried out, and the actual engineering data were analyzed and compared to verify the feasibility and advanced nature of the research content. And a BIM digital twin intelligent construction management and control platform was established.

Based on the research on over-under-excavation of tunnel drilling and blasting construction based on digital twins, it can efficiently and accurately calculate and manage the over-under-excavation of tunnels. The application of this method can increase economic benefits by reducing the amount of over and under excavation, and can also bring about improvements in construction management, which has a certain practical reference value.

Key words: Drilling and blasting tunnel construction, Digital twin technology, 3D laser scanning technology, Point cloud model, Over and under excavation