湖北省建筑产业发展水平及影响因素研究

任子健

摘  要

建筑产业作为国民经济支柱产业，在国民经济体系中所起作用愈发重要，随着国民经济发展进入新常态，建筑产业也面临转型升级的挑战。湖北作为中部地区重要省份，在新发展阶段如何充分提升建筑产业发展水平，缩小与头部建筑强省的差距，是湖北建筑产业的重要课题。

为全方位评价湖北建筑产业发展现状，本文在钻石模型的基础上，构建建筑产业发展水平综合评价体系，利用2014~2020年数据，运用主成分分析法对全国各省市建筑业发展水平进行综合评价，得出湖北建筑产业处于全国第二梯队中游水平的结论；在此基础上，从建筑企业数、固定资产投资等关键指标切入，利用2011~2020年相关数据，对比分析湖北与江苏、浙江及广东建筑业发展状况，分析出湖北建筑产业优劣势——建筑企业数、固定资产投资相对处于劣势；劳动生产率上具有较大优势；产值利税率及技术装备率存在一定竞争力。

为进一步分析湖北建筑产业发展水平影响因素并提出针对性发展对策，利用2011~2020年建筑业发展数据，构建面板数据模型分析产业规模水平、经济环境水平、产业效益水平、效率水平、技术装备水平对全国各省份建筑业增加值的影响，分析出影响建筑产业发展关键因素，按贡献度排序以此为产业规模水平、经济环境水平、技术装备水平和效率水平；同时，利用2011~2020年湖北建筑产业发展数据，运用逐步回归模型分析出湖北建筑产业发展的影响因素，按贡献度排序依次是产业规模水平、经济环境水平、技术装备水平；在模型分析的基础上提出了湖北建筑产业发展的对策建议，主要包括大力推动建筑企业发展壮大、稳固提升全社会固定资产投资等。

关键词：建筑业发展水平；建筑业影响因素；数据面板模型；逐步回归模型

Abstract

As the pillar industry of the national economy, the construction industry is playing an increasingly important role in the national economic system. As the development of the national economy enters the new normal, the construction industry is also facing the challenge of transformation and upgrading. As an important province in the central China, how to fully improve the development level of the construction industry in the new development stage and narrow the gap with the leading construction industry province is an important subject for the construction industry in Hubei Province.

In order to comprehensively evaluate the development status of the construction industry in Hubei Province, this article on the basis of the diamond model, build a comprehensive index system for the development level of the construction industry. By using the data from 2014 to 2020, principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the development level of construction industry in all provinces across the country. It is concluded that the construction industry of Hubei province is in the middle level of the second echelon in China. On this basis, from the aspects of construction companies, investment in fixed assets and other key indicators, using the relevant data from 2011 to 2020, this paper compares and analyzes the development status of construction industry in Hubei Province, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangdong Province. The advantages and disadvantages of construction industry in Hubei province are analyzed, construction companies and investment in fixed assets are at a disadvantage; Labor productivity has great advantages; Interest rate on output and technical equipment rate have certain competitiveness.

For further analysis of the influencing factors of the development level of the construction industry in Hubei Province and put forward corresponding development countermeasures, using the construction development data from 2011 to 2020, a panel data model was constructed to analyze the industry scale level, the economic environment, industry benefit, efficiency, technology levels influence on the added value of construction in the provinces. The key factors affecting the development of the construction industry are analyzed, and the contribution degree is ranked as industrial scale level, economic environment level, technical equipment level and efficiency level. At the same time, based on the development data of construction industry in Hubei province from 2011 to 2020, the influencing factors of construction industry development in Hubei Province are analyzed by stepwise regression model. The order of contribution degree is industrial scale level, economic environment level, technology and equipment level. Based on the results of model analysis, the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of construction industry in Hubei province are put forward, including vigorously promoting the development and expansion of construction enterprises and steadily enhancing the investment in fixed assets of the whole society.

Key words: Construction industry development level, Influencing factors of construction industry, Panel data model, Stepwise regression model