大型复杂市政工程的政府安全生产监管流程优化研究

贾文艺

摘 要

大型复杂市政工程的范围广、体量大、施工环境复杂、危大工程密集、权责交叉频繁，政府往往无法准确、高效、及时地对这类工程实施安全生产监管，导致其事故发生概率与严重程度远高于其它工程。本文以政府安全生产监管提效为目标，结合杜邦安全管理理论与精益理念，利用建筑信息模型技术（BIM）与时间Petri网技术，对大型复杂市政工程的政府安全生产监管流程进行分析与优化，主要研究内容如下：

（1）总结大型复杂市政工程的施工特点，通过对较大及以上等级安全生产事故调查报告的统计分析，剖析监管模式的薄弱点，结合杜邦安全管理理论与精益理念，提出政府安全生产耦合监管模型的框架。

（2）基于耦合监管模型框架，梳理市政工程保护区范围、监管流程及相关监管主体的权责边界，建立工程BIM模型与监管时间Petri网，通过保护区交叉分析、监管方案优化与监管流程优化等，完善耦合监管模型。

（3）以武汉某大型复杂市政桥梁工程为例，建立该工程的BIM与时间Petri网耦合监管模型，优化监管流程，使用可覆盖树分析模型的合理性，运用时间Petri网的专业建模分析软件TINA对耦合监管模型和传统监管模型的监管时间进行仿真模拟，分析评价耦合监管模型的效能。

本文结合实际工程案例，综合分析了基于BIM技术与时间Petri网技术的耦合监管模型的结构合理性与效能，为大型复杂市政工程的政府安全生产监管流程的优化工作提供新思路与参考。

关键词：大型复杂市政工程；安全生产；政府监管；BIM；时间Petri网

Abstract

The characteristics of large and complicated municipal engineering include wide range and huge size and complex construction environment and densely distributed dangerous projects and frequent management conflicts, the government can’t implement safety production supervision on such projects in an accurate, efficient and timely manner, resulting in the higher probability and severity of accidents. With the goal of improving the effectiveness of government safety production supervision, DuPont safety management theory were combined with lean ideas, Building Information Model(BIM) and Time Petri Net were used to analyze and optimize the government safety production supervision model of large and complicated municipal engineering. The main content of the thesis is as follows:

(1) The construction features of large and complicated municipal engineering were summarized, the investigation reports of construction accident were counted and analyzed, the government safety production supervision model’s weaknesses were dissected. And then, with DuPont's safety management theory and lean concept, the framework of the coupled supervision model was established for improving effectiveness.

(2) Based on the framework of the coupling supervision model, the protected areas and supervision process and relevant regulators’ power and responsibilities were sorted out. The BIM model and the supervision Time Petri Net were established. Based on works such as the protected area cross-analysis and the scheme optimization and the process optimization, the coupling supervision model was implemented.

(3) Taking a large and complicated municipal bridge project in Wuhan as an example, coupling supervision model of the project were established by BIM and Time Petri Net firstly, supervision processes was optimized, then the coverability tree analysis method was used to analyze the model’s structure, TINA (Time Petri Net professional modeling and analysis software) was employed to simulate the model and analyze its effectiveness.

Based on the actual engineering cases, the structural rationality and effectiveness of the coupled supervision model have been analyzed comprehensively, new ideas and references for the optimization of government safety production supervision for large-scale and complicated municipal engineering have been provided.

Key words: Large and complicated municipal engineering, Safety production, Government supervision, BIM, Time Petri Net