基于数字孪生的山岭地区高速公路施工进度管理研究

王嘉晨

摘 要

近年来，我国高速公路工程建设发展迅猛，现已进入加密规划的阶段，山岭地区工程建设环境、工程地质条件越发复杂，施工进度管理难度和要求进一步提高。由于高速公路工程项目的施工成本高、投资量大，工期延误造成的成本超支、投资效益减小是巨大的，而高速公路施工进度的管理效率，不仅影响着项目的经济效益，也事关项目的社会效益。当前的高速公路施工进度管理方法缺乏精确性、可靠性、一致性、高效性和协同性，在很大程度上依赖于进度周报、月报等手动的、非空间数据的方式。本文结合进度管理和决策对数据的需求，设计了数字孪生模型的建模方案及其在进度管理中的整体应用框架，辅助管理人员进行管理决策。

本文通过BIM设计模型和实景模型的融合实现进度推演管理中工程完工状态的数字孪生，研究了BIM参数化建模和实景建模技术的实现方案，并通过坐标对齐的方式实现了模型融合。通过分析进度影响因素，设计了基于蓝牙技术、GPS技术、ZigBee技术的数据采集方案，并以影响因素与工程实体的时间对应关系建立数据映射。在此基础上构建了基于数字孪生的进度推演管理模型，实现当前进度状态的进度偏差分析和形象化展示，并以剩余工程量和资源数据为依据，利用施工定额计算推演工期，对工期延误工程进行预警，并对环境因素和技术因素的管理决策建立了评估方案。

基于数字孪生模型的山岭地区高速公路施工进度管理研究，可以帮助施工企业对施工过程产生的各类数据进行挖掘与利用，提高管理人员的决策准确性、科学性，使施工过程中的进度安排、资源配置更加合理，减少由于工期延误造成的成本问题或者赶工引发的质量问题。

关键词：数字孪生；实景建模；高速公路工程；进度管理

Abstract

In recent years, Chinese highway engineering construction has developed rapidly and has now entered the stage of encryption planning. The construction environment and geological conditions in mountainous areas have become more complex, and the difficulty and requirements of construction progress management have been further improved. Due to the high construction cost and large investment of the highway project, the cost overruns and reduced investment benefits caused by the delayed schedule are huge, while the management efficiency of the highway construction progress not only affects the economic benefits of the project, but also concerns the social benefits of the project. Current highway construction progress management methods lack accuracy, reliability, consistency, efficiency and synergy and rely heavily on manual, non-spatial data methods such as weekly and monthly progress reports. This thesis combines the data requirements for schedule management and decision making, and designs a modelling scheme for the digital twin model and its overall application framework in progress management to assist managers in their management decisions.

In this thesis, the fusion model of BIM design model and as-built model is used as the digital twin model for progress deduction management, and the implementation scheme of BIM parametric modelling and as-built modelling technology is devised, and the fusion of models is realised by means of coordinate alignment. By analysing the progress influencing factors, a data collection scheme based on Bluetooth, GPS and ZigBee is designed, and a data mapping is established with the time correspondence between the influencing factors and the engineering entities. On this basis, a progress derivation management model based on digital twin was constructed to realise the analysis and visualisation of progress deviation of the current progress status, and based on the remaining work volume and resource data, the construction quota was used to calculate the derivation duration, to provide early warning for delayed works, and to establish an evaluation scheme for the management decision of environmental and technical factors.

The research on the construction progress management of highways in mountainous areas based on the digital twin model can help construction enterprises to mine and utilise all kinds of data generated in the construction process, improve the accuracy and scientificity of managers' decisions, make the progress arrangement and resource allocation in the construction process more reasonable, and reduce the cost problems caused by delays or quality problems caused by rush work.

Key words: Digital Twin, As-built Models, Highway Project, Progress Management