面向联合调试的地铁设备系统多属性集成接口管理研究

琚倩茜

摘 要

我国目前处于城市轨道交通工程建设髙速发展的时期。近年来，随着地铁设备系统自动化程度的提升，各专业子系统之间的接口数量呈指数增加，联合调试的重要性越发凸显，联调中的各类工程接口问题已经成为制约整个工程按时、保质验收的重要因素之一。然而，联调管理的滞后性、接口匹配范围的单一性、传统交付模式下各参建方之间的工程价值目标冲突，以及新建地铁项目业主方接口管理经验的匮乏，引发子系统之间的工程接口难以准确定义与追踪、各参建方之间的接口信息沟通效率低下以及接口责任模糊等问题。接口管理研究在本领域尚处于起步阶段，现有研究未能从集成管理的角度，系统化的解决多属性接口的全面匹配问题。因此，本研究依据地铁设备系统工程特点和实际工程接口管理需求，基于接口管理、集成管理和信息化等相关理论，构建了面向联合调试的多属性集成接口管理框架，并进一步建立了地铁设备系统多属性接口匹配模型，研究了多参与方接口协调机制，最后在前述研究的基础上设计开发了地铁设备集成接口管理系统，并结合其在实际项目中的应用过程验证了理论成果的有效性。

首先基于相关工程资料、专家调查和文献分析，提出了面向联合调试的多属性集成接口管理框架，论证了全文的研究思路。基于传统联调管理中的各类接口问题，提出了“面向联合调试的全建设期接口管理”概念，并归纳总结了其具体的管理目标和管理内容；随后识别定义了地铁设备系统工程接口的四类属性，分析了各类接口属性之间的关系，总结了“接口属性-接口任务-接口事件”多属性接口匹配的实施路径；最后构建了面向联合调试的多属性集成接口管理框架，该框架集成了多属性接口识别、匹配、分析以及多参与方接口协调机制，并将早期接口管理的关键管理要素依据联合调试的管控流程进行了分析与重组，与联合调试的过程控制要点进行关联，最终在应用层面上集成了地铁设备集成接口管理系统的应用目标。

随后，基于面向联合调试的多属性集成接口管理框架，本文分别研究了地铁设备系统多属性接口匹配模型和多参与方接口协调机制。多属性接口匹配模型提出了地铁设备工程接口属性管理框架和匹配方法，为系统化的分类、定义和清晰表达各类接口信息提供了科学的理论框架，为定量评估技术接口匹配度提供了合理的方法，为在整个建设期追踪和匹配责任接口提供了有效的方式。通过案例分析法，运用调查问卷总结分析基于多属性接口匹配模型设计开发的接口平台在国内某地铁项目的应用效果，验证了模型的有效性。此外，本文基于价值管理相关理论，进行了以业主方和上下游承包商三方为核心的接口行为价值分析，通过量化在同一接口事件中不同参与方的期望接口行为价值评估各参与方以“价值”驱动的工程行为，对比研究了多参与方工程界面上的接口活动其相互影响路径以及对整体工程的影响，提出了减少复杂工程主承包商之间接口冲突的协调机制，有助于优化碎片化交付模式、提升各参与方短期对立合作关系下的复杂供应链集成程度、保障多属性接口的全面匹配。

最后，本文依托前文的研究基础和用户需求分析，分别从技术匹配、时间匹配、责任匹配、空间匹配四个基本维度的接口约束属性出发，基于接口管理集成化和联合调试信息化两个纵向维度，设计开发了基于web的地铁设备集成接口管理系统（WIIMS）。该系统是基于开放性和易扩展的系统构架，是一个支持各参与方共享、交换、追踪和控制接口信息的协同管理平台。

本文在理论层面上构建了面向联合调试的多属性集成接口管理框架，提出了多属性接口匹配方法和多参与方接口协调机制，在应用层面上设计开发了地铁设备集成接口管理系统，有助于提高联合调试效率，避免项目后期接口冲突中产生不必要的浪费及返工，促进整体工程按期、保质验收。本研究对接口管理相关理论研究和实际应用具有重要的指导意义。

关键词：地铁建设；设备工程；接口管理；联合调试；集成管理；工程管理系统。

Abstract

Metro construction in China is fast developing in recent years.As with the improvement of automation in metro equipment engineering, the number of physical interfaces between sub-systemshasincreased dramatically.Integrated test has become more and more important and interface issues play a vital role in the system final acceptance. However, the lag on integrated test management, the single-attributeof interface matching, the lack of common values among multi-disciplinary participantsunder status quo delivery methods, the lack of interfacemanagement(IM) experience of the owners have led tothe poor technology forinterface management, the fuzziness of responsibility interfaces and difficulty to clearly define and track them.IM is a very new topic in many industriesand nostudycurrently exist to assist the owners and contractors of various sub-systems inmatching the multi-attribute interfaces from the view ofintegratedmanagement. This dissertation brought up an integrated test oriented framework of multi-attributeintegratedinterfacemanagement. The framework is established based on IM theory, integrated management theory and IT theory according to the character of metroequipmentengineering and project management requirement. Moreover, this dissertation constructeda novel multi-attribute integrated interface model(IIM) and introduced aninterface conflicts coordinationmechanism. To verify thetheoreticalanalysis, a web-based integrated interface management system was developed anddescribedat last.

Firstly,based on project documents, expertise and literature reviews,this dissertationbrought up integrated test oriented framework of multi-attributeintegratedinterfacemanagementto reveal the basic line. It raised problems intraditionalworkflows and put forwarded the definition, target and details of“integratedtest oriented interface management during the whole construction period”. Then, it recognized the four attributes of interfaces in metro equipment engineering,analyzedtheir inner relationship and summarized theimplementationof multi-attribute matching path. The framework integrated ways of interfacerecognition, matching, control and coordination. Furthermore, it also reconstructed the workflow of integrated test based on the key elements of interface management andintegratedthe key points ofintegratedtest process control. At last, the framework integrated the development target of the web-based integrated interface management system on the application layer.

Subsequently,based on the framework, thisdissertationpresentedmulti-attribute integrated interface model and introduced an interface conflicts coordination mechanism.Multi-attribute integrated interface model extracts interface information from scattered technical documents and then identifies, classifies and expresses the interface information again through structured and standardized format.Besides, the model proposes approaches to calculate the exact value of matching degree for technical interface and to track responsibility interface information during the whole construction stage. The application ofa platform is introduced to verify the model.Then, this dissertation discussedInterface Value for the core players to understand the value-driven behaviors on the boundaries among owner and multiple prime contractors in complex construction projects. Value Optimization Strategy is proposed under status quo delivery methods by adjusting and reallocating interface responsibilities between related contractors. Prospects of integrated project delivery (IPD) in eliminating interface conflicts are also discussed.Itconcludes that Value Optimization Strategy and IPD-based approach are expected to eliminate interface conflicts of complex construction projects, integrate the complex supply chain and lower the potential risks for project delivery delay and cost overrun.

At last, according tothe comprehensiveresearchaboveanduserrequirement analysis, the dissertationdevelopedaweb-based integratedinterfacemanagement systemwhich integratedtechnicalmatching, time matching, responsibilitymatchand space matching of the multi-attributeinterfacesto realize the integration of IM and information of integrated test. The platform isbased on open and scalable architecture, supporting a coordinative platform for participants in IM to share, exchange, track and control interface information.

Theoretically, this dissertation built up an integrated test oriented framework of multi-attribute integrated interface management, provided effective approaches for multi-attribute interfacematchingandintroduced an interface conflicts coordination mechanismamong multi-disciplinary participants. Practically, this dissertation designed and developed a web-based integrated interface management system, whichcan provide technical guidancefor integrated test，eliminateunnecessaryinterface conflicts and wasteand further facilitate process control for the finalsystem acceptance.This dissertationhasprovidedessential merits for the research andpractice ofinterface management.

Key words:MetroConstruction, Interface Management, Integrated Test, Integrated Management, Information Technology.