摘 要
建筑施工企业的最终目标是获取利润,因此必须加强施工项目成本的控制。目前我国的建筑施工企业普遍采用传统的成本管理方法,在这种管理方法下一般都存在成本管理粗糙、实际成本难以控制、人员组织结构混乱等问题。然而随着劳动机械化程度的提高和工程管理信息化的发展,工程项目成本中间接费用的比例越来越大,成本管理要求越来越精细,传统成本管理方法的缺点越来越明显。作业成本法就是在这种形势下应运而生。作业成本法是一种新型的成本管理方法,以作业为研究对象进行工程项目成本管理,在一定程度上解决了目前建筑企业普遍存在的问题。
本论文首先分析了我国当前成本管理存在的问题,引出作业成本法的基本概念。然后结合路桥施工项目的特点,详细介绍了作业成本法基本理论并分析了作业成本法应用思路,包括作业的确认、成本动因的选择、资源费用的归集和产品费用的计算等。最后将作业成本法应用到具体的路桥施工项目,完成了作业计算并对作业管理进行了讨论,实现了路桥施工项目成本全过程的管理。
本文将作业成本法应用到具体的路桥施工项目,使路桥施工项目成本计算更加准确,管理方法更加规范,为作业成本法在工程项目中的应用研究提供了一定的参考价值。同时指出在作业成本法应用的过程中,作业的确认和成本动因的选取,是作业成本法应用的核心,需要进一步讨论分析。
关键字:路桥工程 作业成本法 成本动因 作业计算 作业管理
Abstract
Cost management controlling is necessary for the construction enterprise to get theprofit from projects. There are many problems such as the bad cost management, thedifficulty to control cost accurately in most construction enterprise with the traditional costcalculation and management approaches. However, with the development of projectmanagement information, the overhead expenses increase great and cost managementrequires more and more subtle. So the disadvantage of traditional cost calculationapproach also increased.Activitybased costing is an advanced method of cost accountingand cost management, which bases on activities and takes cost drivers as media and offsetthe traditional management.
In this paper, the defect of traditional cost accounting is analyzed and then introducedthe activitybased costing with the character of road bridge construction. The model of theactivitybased costing was built with confirm of activities resource cost and the productcost. Finally the feasibility of activitybased costing applying to the road bridge was demonstrated with the accurate accounting and activities management. Then the application of the activity-based costing in the road bridge construction cost management is finished.
The application of activitybased costing to the road bridge in this paper is valuablewith accurate accounting and new management approach. But how to confine theactivities and the cost drivers is the key of the activitybased costing application which is the meaning of the dissertation and also the focus of the current scholar.
Keywords : Road Bridge Construction Activity-Based Costing Cost Drivers Calculation of the Activities Management of the Activities