摘 要
工程项目失败是众多失败中的一种,具有所有失败的共性。工程项目失败的发生是不可避免的,关键在于能否从失败中积累经验,吸取教训,以指导以后的实践。工程项目建设的成败对一个国家的经济增长和社会发展来说,起着非常重大的影响作用。为了掌握工程项目失败发生的现象、原因及其规律,制定预防对策以减少或避免工程项目失败的发生,本文首先给出工程项目失败的定义及判别指标,然后介绍工程项目失败的种类和特征,对影响工程项目失败的风险源因素进行综合分析以及对工程项目失败的原因进行分析。在此基础上,将灰色系统理论引入到工程项目失败预测分析中。用灰色预测理论建立 GM(1,1)模型,来预测工程项目的造价和工期,并与建立的造价警戒线或计划工期进行对比,以起到警报作用。这为工程管理人员分析和控制工程项目的造价和工期提供了一种重要的参考手段和依据。同样,对工程项目质量也可以用灰色理论和方法建立预测预报模型,预测预报工程项目质量的发展趋势,从而指导工程实践。最后简单介绍工程失败专家系统的建立和运用。工程失败专家系统的建立不仅使得专业人员可以从系统和软件中获取知识,充分利用专家的成果,提高解决问题的能力,而且可以使处理经验得以共享。主要介绍其构建方法、内容及构建步骤。
关键词:工程项目 失败 灰色预测 预警 专家系统
Abstract
The failure of engineering project is one of the throng failures, it possesses thecommonness of all failures. Because of the unavoidable of the occur of failures, the crux ofthe matter is can or not accumulate experiences anddraw lessons from them so that thelater practice is directed. The development of economy and society of the country isextremely affected by the engineering project. The definition and range of the constructionproject failure are pointed out first, secondly, the type and characteristic are introduced, andthe main factors of the construction project failure are analyzed. And the third, the graytheory is drawn into the failure prediction analysis of the engineering project, and the grayprediction dynamic model is established to predict the cost and time of the project, thencompared with the cordon, thus an important foundation is provided for the management. Inthe same the prediction model can be used in the quality of the project. And at last, theestablishment and application of the engineering project expert system are simplyintroduced. The engineers can not only obtain knowledge from the system, improve their problem solving ability, but also can possess the experience together. The content, step and
way of establishment are mainly introduced.
Keywords:engineering project failure gray prediction early warning expert system