摘 要

   我国地铁建设进入高潮期，由于地铁工程施工中不确定性因素较多、涉及专业广泛、技术复杂、综合性强，因而施工过程中通常存在较高风险，需要采取相应措施来应对，尽量避免事故的发生。本文主要针对武汉地铁工程江积区间（江汉路站~积玉桥站）风井施工、盾构穿越风井以及邻近建筑物安全与保护等难点进行讨论，保证工程的顺利完成。

   本文首先在对风井基坑主要风险分析的基础上，从支护结构选型及施工质量控制、基坑开挖及降水、施工监测等角度，总结了常见风险的基本应对措施，并对武汉地铁江积区间风井施工过程中所采取的风险控制措施进行了分析，各项监测数据表明基坑处于安全状态。针对盾构穿越风井过程必须保证穿越过程中风井两侧土体的稳定性及风井结构的安全问题，探讨了目前施工中采用的几种盾构穿越方案和加固方案，对不同方案的特点和控制要点进行了分析，施工中根据工程实际情况合理选择，本工程盾构穿越风井施工采用素混凝土连续墙、高压旋喷、冷冻、风井回填及灌水加压等多种措施，保证盾构机顺利通过风井。本文对隧道施工邻近建筑物的安全问题进行研究，以隧道相关参数、土体性质、建筑物因素及其他因素等作为指标，构建了隧道施工建筑物安全可拓评价模型，得出隧道施工建筑物安全等级标准和各安全等级标准相应的保护措施，施工中可根据评价结果采取适当的保护措施，避免隧道施工对邻近建筑物造成损害。

关键词：风井施工    盾构穿越   建筑物安全    风险分析    风险控制

Abstract

   Our  country’s  construction  project  of  subway  has  entered  into  rapidly  developedperiod.  As  the  construction  involving  many  aspects  with  complexity  technical,  highlycomprehensive, it lies high risk during the process of construction. In that case we shouldadopt proper measures to try to avoid accidents. So the paper has discussed the difficultiesabout  ventilation  shaft  of  Wuhan  subway  JiangJi  Section（Jianghan  road  stationJiyubridge  station）,  the  shieldundercrossing  the  ventilation  shaft,  and  the  safety  andprotection of adjacent structures to ensure the successful completion of the construction.

   Under  the  analysis  of  the  main  ventilation  shaft  pit  risk,  the  paper  put  forwardmeasures  to  deal  with  common  risks  in  the  aspect  of  lateralis  shaft  maintenance,  pitexcavation  and  dewatering,  construction  monitor, and  takes  the  construction  of  Wuhansubway  ventilation  shaft  as  an  example  analyzing  the  risk  control  measures.In  order  tomake the shield successfully undercrossing the ventilation shaft, we must ensure that wallson both sides of the soil structural are stability and safety. This paper discusses reasonablechoices  of  shield  through  and  reinforcementscheme.  The  construction  of  Wuhan  Metrousing plain concrete diaphragm wall, high pressure revolve jet, freezing, ventilation shaftbackfilling  and  other  measures  to  ensure  the  shield  pass  the  vent  well  successfully.  Therisk factors of building safety various during the tunnel construction, the paper proposesbuilding  safety  extension  synthesize  evaluation  model  with  tunnel  parameters,  soilproperties, buildings and other factors as indicators, and then gives thelevel of buildingsafety  standards  for  tunnel  construction.  According  to  the  different  security  levels,appropriateprecautions could be used to avoid buildings damage by tunnel construction.

   Key Words: Construction of ventilation shaft    Shield undercrossing Building safety     Risk analysis    Risk control