摘 要
城市轨道交通是一种快捷高效、安全舒适、节能环保的大容量城市客运交通方式。由于大城市普遍存在交通拥挤、环境污染和土地资源短缺等问题,大力发展城市轨道交通,被广泛认为是解决这些矛盾和问题的有效途径。然而,我国城市轨道交通的发展普遍面临着建设资金短缺、营运收支难以平衡等难题。与此同时,城市轨道交通发展给站点周边房地产带来的增值效益,却被其所有者和使用者所独享,并没有为城市轨道交通的可持续发展做出贡献。因此,定量分析城市轨道交通发展对周边房地产价值的影响,建立城市轨道交通发展与周边土地利用的协调互补关系,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本文在介绍城市轨道交通与沿线土地综合开发的概念及特点的基础上,分析总结了国内外典型的综合开发影响的定量研究模型,指出了当前我国城市轨道交通综合开发影响定量研究面临的问题和必要性,分析了城市轨道交通综合开发对沿线土地的影响机理。论文介绍了国外运用较多的几种定量分析模型,包括资产价值模型、交通成本模型和特征价格模型,并分别分析了各模型的特点以及在运用过程中的优缺点,在比较分析的基础上,指出资产价值模型中的地价函数模型的适用性较广,适合我国城市轨道交通综合开发影响定量分析,但该研究模型没有考虑区域性影响因素,因此本文改进了地价函数法模型,利用该模型通过北京市地铁 13 号线分析得出模型参数,并对模型参数运用上海市地铁 1 号线进行了实证,在此基础上根据建立的模型及参数对武汉市 1 号线二期工程的定量影响进行了预测,预测情况基本上
能反映出城市轨道交通综合开发对沿线土地影响的程度。
最后,本文在定量分析的基础上,对增值效益的利益还原做了理论分析,提出了直接和间接的利益还原方式,并提出了城市轨道交通综合开发利益还原需要的配套政策和建议。
关键词:轨道交通 综合开发 土地价值 定量影响 地价函数 利益还原
Abstract
Urban Rapid Rail Transit is a safe, comfortable, convenient, fast, effective,environmentfriendly urban infrastructure system that provides mass public transportationservices with subsidies from the Government. Urban Rapid Rail Transit plays an activeand key role to reduce problems such as shortage of land resources, traffic congestions andair pollution that many cities are facing. Ironically, while there are problems such asshortage of fund and operation losses in many cities’ Urban Rapid Rail Transitdevelopment, the benefits of increase of property around stations due to Urban Rapid Rail Transit development are only enjoyed by property owners and users without any
contribution to sustainable development of Urban Rapid Rail Transit. It is imperative toanalyze the quantifid effects of Urban Rapid Rail Transit development on the adjacentproperty and establish a complementary relationship between Urban Rapid Rail Transit development and the use of the adjacent land.
On the basis of the introducing the concept and the characteristic of the jointdevelopment between Urban RapidRail Transit and adjacent land, the paper analyzes andsummarizes the internal and international typical quantified effects models of the jointdevelopment, points the problems and the necessity of quantified analysis out, analyzesthe reason which the joint development influences on the adjacent land. The paperintroduces the models which are always used in international: Capitalization Model,Travel Cost Model and Hedonic Price Model, and analyzes the characteristics and theadvantages and the disadvantages of the models separately, on the basis of the analysis, weconsider that the Capitalization Model is more suitable to be used, it’s suitable forquantified analysis of the Urban Rapid Rail Transit in our country, the paper gets themodel by using the Beijing’s 13th RailTransit, and proves the model by using Shanghai’s1st Rail Transit, on this basis, we forecasting the Wuhan’s second period project of the 1st Rail Transit, it can reflects the influence degree of the joint development.
Finally, on the basis of the analysis, the paper analyzes the benefits which is the partof the exceeding, points the directand indirect ways of the returning the benefits, and itimagines the policies and suggestions for returning the benefits while the joint development of the Urban Rapid Rail Transit.
Key words: Urban Rapid Rail Transit Joint Development Land Value Quantified Influence Land Price Function Returning Benefit