摘 要

   近几年我国的工程建设质量取得了明显的进步,但是目前的形势还相当严峻,集中表现为工程质量事故频频发生,尤其是重大工程质量事故。从事故中吸取教训，分析原因，采取对策，才能避免同类事故的重复发生。本文从提高工程质量管理领域的信息化和现代化程度的角度,提出在工程质量事故诊断中应用知识库,提高工程质量管理的水平,从而促进建筑工程质量的提高。

   论文在研究知识库的构建技术的基础上，结合工程质量事故的特点，提出了构建基于案例的工程质量事故诊断知识库，将事故案例作为事故诊断的依据之一，给出了工程质量事故诊断知识库构建中案例的总体设计，进而，深入探讨了单元案例、案例集的设计问题。在单元案例的设计方面，本文提出了手工、半自动和自动三种方式获取案例知识，然后构造了基于特征的案例内容描述和面向对象的案例结构的表示，完成了对单元案例知识的表示，并引入模糊数学贴近度方法用于案例间相似性的度量，以钢筋混凝土工程为例建立了相似性度量模型，证明了该方法在诊断结果上的准确性；在案例集的设计方面，针对工程质量事故系统复杂却具备系统层次性、局部规律性的特点，本文设计了按事故分类、分层索引的案例组织结构，建立了基于关系数据库的案例存储模型，既保证了案例库具有较小的体积，又便于案例的调用；最后，本文提出了有效的案例管理措施，包括用户功能权限的设置，单元案例的增添、修正、删除，案例集的优化等，确保知识库在运行过程中处于最佳状态。

关键词：工程质量    事故诊断    知识库   案例    模糊数学

Abstract

   Engineering quality in our country has made obvious progress in recent years, but itstill  needs  further  concern. Engineering  accidents,  especially  heavy  accidents,  happenregularly.  To  avoid  the  recurrence  of  the  similar  accidents,  we  should  learn  from  theaccidents, analyze the causes and take center measures. This thesis proposes that it be an efficient way to apply repository to the diagnosis of engineering accidents. Because of the application of repository，engineering quality management is improved, so is engineering quality.

   Based  on  the  research  on  repository  construction  technology,  considering  thecharacteristics  of  engineering  quality  accidents,  engineering  quality  accident  diagnosisrepository based on case reasoning is accomplished. Furthermore, the design problems ofunit  case  and  case  collection  are  discussed  deeply.  In  the  design  of  the  unit  case, knowledge  of  the  case  is  obtained  in  three  ways,  i.e,  manual,  semiautomatic  andautomatic , then description of characteristicbased case contents and objectoriented casestructure  are  introduced  .  In  the  meantime,  the  knowledge of  the  unit  case  is  presented.The  concept  of  approaching  degree  in  fuzzy  mathematics  is  introduced  to  measure  thesimilarity  among  the  cases.  The  example  of  the  reinforced  concrete  projects  proves  theaccuracy of the diagnosis results in this method. In the design of the case collection, themultilayered  structure  of  the  repository  and case  saved  model  based  on  the  relationdatabase  are  formed  in  according  with  the  key  characteristic  of  the  engineering  qualityaccidents,  which  ensures  the  smaller  size  of  the  repository  and  facilitates  to  transfer  thecases; Finally, effective case management measures, including the installation of the user’sauthorized  function,  the  supplement  and  revision  and  deletion  of  unit  cases  andoptimization of   case collection are proposed in order to make sure the repository is at its best when it works.

   Key words: Engineering Quality     Accident Diagnosis     Repository     Case       Fuzzy Math