摘要

利用可再生能源为建筑供能，对减少建筑能耗，实现建筑节能，促进能源节约和合理利用，实现人类社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。将太阳能发电技术与建筑结合是目前应用最普遍也是最重要的技术。光伏建筑技术领域属于可再生能源和建筑两个领域的交叉领域，世界各国在这一领域探索的历史还非常的短，仍存在很多技术问题限制着光伏建筑的发展和应用。专利文献是全球最大的技术信息源，包含世界90%以上的技术信息。通过专利引文分析方法，可以有效识别技术研究前沿及其发展过程，对政府制定技术创新政策和企业进行技术创新具有极大的参考价值，对推动技术发展也有重要作用。

本文对专利引文分析，共被引分析与科学研究前沿理论的研究进行梳理和总结，结合研究现状提出利用专利共被引识别光伏建筑技术研究前沿及其演化的技术路线。基于德温特数据库中1972-2016年间4914件专利数据，结合专利共被引分析方法与社会网络分析方法，分三个时间窗口绘制专利共被引网络图谱。通过聚类分析与中心度分析，研究分析不同时间窗口下的光伏建筑技术研究前沿与关键技术。通过稳定指数分析，研究光伏建筑技术前沿的演化趋势。

共被引聚类结果显示，光伏建筑领域专利间的联系紧密，专利之间的信息交流和知识共享的现象比较常见。2008-2011年是光伏建筑技术研发的高峰时期。本文识别出光伏建筑领域技术研究前沿主要集中在三个方面：1、低成本、轻便、美观的安装型光伏支撑系统；2、光伏瓦、光伏窗等一体化光伏构件；3、智能光伏控制系统。演化分析结果显示，连续三个时间窗口内的聚类稳定指数较低，光伏建筑技术研究前沿发生了较大的技术变革。通过对三个时间窗口的技术前沿研究与关键技术的对比研究发现，光伏建筑技术研究前沿一直以发展低成本、轻便的安装型光伏支撑系统技术为主。光伏瓦、光伏窗等一体化光伏构件与智能光伏系统属于新兴技术，具有很大的发展潜力。

关键词：技术前沿；专利共被引；光伏建筑；社会网络分析；演化分析

Abstract

The use of renewable energy for building energy supply can reduce building energy consumption, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of human society. The combination of solar power technology and buildings is currently the most common and most important technology. Photovoltaic buildings are part of the field of renewable energy and construction, in which there are still many technical problems for the short exploration history of the world. It seriously limits the development and application of photovoltaic buildings. Patent literature is the world's largest source of technical information, including more than 90% of the world's technical information. Through the patent citation analysis method, it can effectively identify the forefront of technology research and its development process, and it has great reference value for the government to formulate technological innovation policy and technological innovation of enterprises, and plays an important role in promoting the development of technology.

This thesis summarizes the research of patent citation analysis, co-citation analysis and scientific research frontier theory. We put forward a method of using patent technology to identify the frontier and its evolution of photovoltaic construction technology. Based on the 4914 patents between 1972 and 2016 in the DII database, we use patent co-citation analysis method and the social network analysis to draw the patented citation network map in three time windows. Through the analysis of cluster analysis and center degree, the thesis studies the frontier and key technology of photovoltaic building technology under different time windows. Through the stability index analysis, the evolution trend of the forefront of photovoltaic construction technology is studied.

The results of co-clustering clustering show that there is a close relationship between patents in PV buildings and the phenomenon of information exchange and knowledge sharing between patents is common. 2008-2011 is the peak period of photovoltaic building technology research and development. This paper identifies three aspects of the frontier in the field of photovoltaic construction technology. First, low-cost, lightweight, beautiful installation of photovoltaic support system; Second, photovoltaic tile, photovoltaic windows and other integrated photovoltaic components; Third, intelligent photovoltaic control system. The results of evolutionary analysis show that the clustering stability index is low in three consecutive time windows, and the technological transformation of photovoltaic building technology has made great progress. Through the comparison of the technology frontier research and the key technology of the three time windows, the frontier of the photovoltaic building technology research focus on the development of low cost and light installable photovoltaic support system technology. Photovoltaic tile, photovoltaic windows and other integrated photovoltaic components and intelligent photovoltaic systems are emerging technologies, which has great potential for development.

Keyword ： Technology Fronts；Patent Co-citation；PV buildings；Social Network；Evolution Analysis；