石化施工现场无源相控阵基站定位精度研究

王 玉

摘 要

随着国内外数字建造、智慧工地等新型建造模式的蓬勃发展，以定位技术、人脸识别技术、物联网技术等为代表的各种信息化、智能化手段已经应用到多个施工项目的管理当中。其中，定位技术的引入对现代项目管理的意义重大。由于施工现场定位环境的特殊性和复杂性，现有施工定位系统往往采用基站辅助定位的方式，以便更好地保证定位信号的全面覆盖并实现目标定位精度。与此同时，复杂的施工环境也对基站部署工作形成了巨大的挑战。施工现场的基站部署方案与定位精度之间密切相关，然而目前基站部署方案的调整几乎完全依赖于技术人员的主观判断和项目方的需求描述，并未明确定位精度和基站部署方案之间的影响机制，缺乏科学理论的指导，特别是对于一些超复杂的大型项目施工现场，往往达不到理想的定位效果。所以，如何分析并明确施工现场定位精度与基站部署之间的关系是一个亟待解决的工程问题。

因此，本文提出在石化工程这一典型的复杂施工场景下，以基站定位信号覆盖情况为工具厘清定位精度与基站部署之间的关系。首先，本文在考虑无源相控阵技术原理和石化现场主要障碍物的前提下，以无源相控阵基站为对象设计了一种基站信号覆盖情况计算模型。然后，在比较多种定位精度指标的基础上，本文提出了基于网格化的定位精度测度方法。最后，本文以某石化工程为案例，以定位精度热图作为分析工具，探讨了定位精度与定位基站部署方案之间的关系。结果表明，石化施工现场的定位精度与定位信号强度的关系密切，受到基站信号叠加次数的重要影响，应当根据局部区域的特征进行计算和调整从而保证定位效果。

本文的研究有助于明确基站部署方案对定位精度的影响机制，为施工现场通过调整定位基站部署方案改善定位精度提供了理论依据，对提高复杂环境下定位系统的实施效果具有重要的指导和借鉴意义，推动了定位技术在工程施工管理中的应用，同时丰富了室外环境下定位精度方面的研究。

关键词：石化施工现场；无源相控阵；信号覆盖；定位精度；定位精度热图

Abstract

With the rapid development of digital construction, intelligent construction site and other new construction modes at home and abroad, various informatized means and intelligent means represented by positioning technology, face recognition technology, information processing technology and IOT technology have already been applied to the management of multiple construction projects. Among them, the application of positioning technology is as a great significance to modern project management. Due to the particularity and complexity of the location environment in the construction site, the existing construction location system often uses the way of location based on base-station, so as to better ensure the comprehensive coverage of the location signal and the target location accuracy. At the same time, the complex construction environment also poses a huge challenge to the deployment of base-stations. The base-station deployment plan at the construction site is closely related to the positioning accuracy. However, the adjustment of the base-station deployment plan is almost entirely dependent on the subjective judgment of the technicians and the description of the requirements of the project personnel. The mechanism of the positioning accuracy and the base-station deployment plan is not clear, and the guidance of scientific theory is lacking. Especially for some super complex large-scale construction sites, the ideal positioning effect is often not achieved. According to this, it is urgent to clarify the relationship between the positioning accuracy of the construction site and the deployment of the base-station.

Therefore, this paper proposes to study the relationship between positioning accuracy and base-station deployment by using the coverage of base-station positioning signal in the typical complex construction scenario of petrochemical engineering. Firstly, considering the characteristics of passive phased array technology and the main obstacles in petrochemical field, this paper designs a base-station signal coverage calculation model based on passive phased array base-station. Then, on the basis of comparing various positioning accuracy indexes, this paper proposes a grid based positioning accuracy measurement method. Finally, this paper takes a petrochemical project as an example and takes the heat-map of positioning accuracy as an analysis tool to discuss the relationship between positioning accuracy and the deployment scheme of positioning base-station. The results show that the positioning accuracy of the petrochemical construction site is closely related to the positioning signal strength, which is greatly affected by the number of times of base station signal superposition, so the calculation and adjustment should be based on the characteristics of the local area to ensure the positioning effect.

The research in this paper is helpful to clarify the influence mechanism of base-station deployment scheme on positioning accuracy, provides theoretical basis for improving positioning accuracy by adjusting the deployment scheme of positioning base-station in construction site, has important guidance and reference significance for improving the implementation effect of positioning system in complex environment, promotes the application of positioning technology in engineering construction management, and enriches the outdoor environment research on the accuracy of positioning.

Keywords: Petrochemical construction site ; Passive phased array; Signal coverage;Positioning accuracy; Heat-map of positioning accuracy